Distribution Characteristics and Influencing Factors of Organochlorine Pesticides in Agricultural Soil from Xiamen City

Abstract

The concentration and distribution of 15 organochlorine pesticides in the soil of Xiamen City were determined. Overall, among the 15 selected target pesticides, 14 organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) were detected (hexachlorobenzene was not). The range of detected pesticides was undetected−10.04 ng/g, the total detection rate was 35.2%, and the three pollutants with the highest detection rate in all samples were Heptachlor (66.7%), δ-Hexachlorocyclohexane (60.0%), and p, p′-Dichlorodiphenyldichloroethane (58.3%). The degree of pollution in descending order was Tong’an > Xiang’an > Jimei > Haicang. Linear regression analysis of soil properties and OCP concentration distribution revealed that OCPs were positively correlated with water content, dissolved organic carbon, and pH and negatively correlated with cation exchange capacity. The origin of OCPs was evaluated using the relationship between the parent compound and its metabolites, with possible new hexachlorocyclohexane and isomer (HCHs) input. By comparing the risk screening values of ΣHCHs and ΣDDTs in “Soil Environmental Quality Standards”, the concentrations in all soil samples were lower than the standard values, which indicated that the OCP residues in Xiamen were very low.

Water Safety and Water Governance: A Scientometric Review

“…However, the content in water was considered very low. As a conclusion, the authors recommended further studies due to the fact that organochlorines are highly bioaccumulative and could pose a risk to ecosystems and human health [33]. The third community (green) is related to water management, governance, and environmental decisions.…”

Systematic Review of Contaminants of Emerging Concern (CECs): Distribution, Risks, and Implications for Water Quality and Health

“…Among them, HCHs (hexachlorocyclohexane and isomers) showed an increasing trend with depth, while the concentrations of DDT (dichlorodiphenyldichloroethane and its isomers) and OCPs (organochlorine pesticides) decreased with depth, potentially due to the properties of the contaminants [26]. In terms of horizontal distribution, heavier pollution was found in Tong'an District and Xiang'an District, where irrigation was the primary cultivation method, and higher pollution levels were observed in the northeastern part of Xiamen City, possibly due to atmospheric transport and deposition in the region [26]. Moreover, CECs like tetrabromodiphenol A and its derivatives are commonly found in drinking water, rivers, and lakes [27].…”