Distribution, Character, and Genesis of Gold Deposits in Metamorphic Terran

Goldfarb, Richard J.; Baker, Timothy D.; Dubé, B; Groves, David; Hart, Craig J.R.; Gosselin, Patrice

doi:10.5382/av100.14

Cited by 435 publications

(281 citation statements)

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“…These features are identical to those of the orogenic-type lode deposits in the world (Goldfarb et al, 2005(Goldfarb et al, , 2014Chen, 2006;Pirajno, 2009). (4) Wall-rock alterations associated with gold mineralization, including pyritization, silicification, ankeritization, carbonation and sericitization, are consistent with typical orogenic-type gold deposits (Groves et al, 1998;Goldfarb et al, 2005Goldfarb et al, , 2014Chen, 2006). (5) The FI populations, microthermometric and laser Raman spectroscopic data suggest that the fluid-system may have evolved from a CO 2 -rich early-stage to a CO 2 -poor latestage through boiling and CO 2 -escape.…”

Section: Metallogenic Type and Modelsupporting

confidence: 67%

Geology, geochemistry and genesis of the Huachanggou gold deposit, western Qinling Orogen, central China

2014

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The large Huachanggou gold deposit, on the southern margin of the Mian‐Lue Suture in western Qinling Orogen (central China), is hosted in the Devonian Sanhekou Group composed of spilite, limestone and phyllite. The mineralization is considered to have occurred in three stages: (1) Early quartz–pyrite veins, (2) Middle quartz–sulphides veins, and (3) Late carbonate–quartz veinlets, with gold being introduced mainly in the second stage. Quartz formed in the two earlier stages contains four types of fluid inclusions, namely (1) Pure CO2, (2) CO2–H2O, (3) Solid‐bearing and (4) NaCl–H2O, whereas the late‐stage minerals contain only the NaCl–H2O inclusions. The inclusions in quartz formed in the early‐, middle‐ and late stages have yielded total homogenization temperatures of 272−385 °C, 232−395 °C and 118−228 °C, respectively, with salinities no higher than 12 wt.% NaCl equiv. For the middle‐stage, trapping pressures estimated from the CO2–H2O inclusions for the altered spilite‐type (123−326 MPa) and quartz vein‐type (132−342 MPa) orebodies correspond to mineralization depths of 12 km and 13 km, respectively. We suggest that fluid boiling and mixing may have caused rapid precipitation of metallic sulphides and native gold. Through boiling and influx of meteoric water, the ore‐forming fluid system has evolved from CO2‐rich to CO2‐poor and from metamorphic to meteoric, as indicated by the decreasing δ18Owater values from the early‐ to late stages. Integrating the evidence obtained from regional geology, ore deposit geology, fluid inclusion and C–H–O isotope geochemistry, we conclude that the Huachanggou gold deposit is best ascribed to be an orogenic‐type system formed in the tectonic setting of the north‐vergent oceanic plate subduction along the Mian‐Lue Suture during the Late Triassic. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

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Section: Metallogenic Type and Modelsupporting

confidence: 67%

Geology, geochemistry and genesis of the Huachanggou gold deposit, western Qinling Orogen, central China

2014

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“…The term 'orogenic gold deposit', as defined by Groves et al (1998), is used to describe a group of deposits that show a close temporal, spatial, and genetic association with an orogeny. These deposits generally form during compressional to transpressional deformation processes at convergent plate margins in accretionary and collisional orogens (Goldfarb et al , 2005Groves et al 1998;Kerrich et al 2000). The gold deposits of the Jiaodong peninsula and the Xiaoqinling district in eastern China have been described as orogenic gold deposits (Goldfarb et al 2001;Mao et al 2002;Qiu et al 2002;Zhou et al 2002;Chen et al 2003Chen et al , 2008Chen 2006) (Fig.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Geology, fluid inclusion, and isotope constraints on ore genesis of the Neoproterozoic Jinshan orogenic gold deposit, South China

Zhao

Wang

et al. 2013

Geofluids

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The Jinshan gold deposit is located in the Neoproterozoic Jiangnan orogen between the Yangtze and Cathaysia blocks. Gold‐bearing disseminated ores are associated with the earlier stage of NWW‐trending ductile zone, and auriferous quartz vein‐type ores show an intimate relationship with the later stage of NE‐trending brittle‐ductile zones. Fluid‐inclusion studies were conducted on the quartz veins. Three types of fluid inclusions can be identified: H2O–CO2 inclusions (type I), CO2‐rich inclusions (type II), and aqueous inclusions (type III). The pre‐ore stage, quartz‐pyrite veins primarily contain type I inclusions with constant CO2 bubble volumetric proportions. The main gold mineralization‐stage veins have all three types of inclusions with variable gas‐phase ratios and CO2 contents. The post‐ore stage carbonate±chlorite veinlets only contain type III inclusions. Type I inclusions in the pre‐ore stage display homogenization temperatures (Th) of 285–340°C, with salinities of 1.4–6.1 wt.% NaCl equivalent. In the main gold mineralization stage, type II and III inclusions show similar Th at 208–277°C, but contrasting salinity values with 0.6–3.6 and 3.5–8.9 wt.% NaCl equivalent, and type I inclusions show variable CO2‐phase proportions and have Th of 241–292°C and salinities of 1.0–7.0 wt.% NaCl equivalent. In the post‐ore stage, type III inclusions yield Th of 109–201°C and salinities of 1.1–6.4 wt.% NaCl equivalent. Petrological observations and microthermometric results show that fluid immiscibility primarily occurred during the gold mineralization stages. The oxygen and hydrogen isotope compositions (δ18 O = +6.9‰ to +11.2‰, δD = −71‰ to −46‰) of inclusion water in quartz grains imply that ore fluids were principally metamorphic in origin. The sulfur and lead values of sulfide from the ores are analogous to those from the basement strata, suggesting a predominantly crustal source of the ore sulfides. The Jinshan deposit is a typical orogenic gold deposit.

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“…14), which might approximately represent the d 13 C Σ values of the ore-forming fluid because the other carbon-bearing minerals such as graphite are rare. The C isotope data suggest that the potential sources of CO 2 could be magmatic, mantle-derived, or metamorphic devolatilization (d 13 C PDB = À7& to À2&; Deines et al 1991;Cartigny et al 1998;Goldfarb et al 2005). Alternatively, the d 13 C Σ values of the parent fluids prior to CO 2 degassing could have been higher than the measured d 13 C PDB values of À7& to À4&, as degassing would decrease the d 13 C Σ values of residual fluids at temperatures of Table 3.…”

Section: Estimates and Interpretation Of Trapping T-p-x Conditions Ofmentioning

confidence: 92%

Fluid inclusion and isotopic constraints on the origin of ore‐forming fluid of the Jinman–Liancheng vein Cu deposit in the Lanping Basin, western Yunnan, China

et al. 2015

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Extensive quartz-carbonate-Cu sulfide veins occur in clastic rocks and are spatially related to Paleocene granites in the western border of the Lanping Basin, western Yunnan, China. Abundant aqueous-carbonic fluid inclusions occur in these veins but their origin is debated. In the Jinman-Liancheng deposit, individual primary inclusion groups contain either exclusively liquid-rich inclusions (Gl), or coexisting liquid-rich and vapor-rich inclusions (Glv). Microthermometry and estimate of CO 2 content indicate that type Gl inclusions either have homogenization temperatures (Th) 238-263°C and contain c. 3.9-5.5 mole % CO 2 , or have Th 178-222°C and contain c. 1.6-3.2 mole % CO 2 . Type Glv inclusions are thought to represent samples of fluid unmixing that occurred at 183-218°C. At that time, the liquid phase in the unmixing fluid may contain c. 2.0-3.3 mole % CO 2 . As such, the correlation of CO 2 content with Th for type Gl inclusions is thought to be caused by fluid unmixing with decreasing temperature and subsequent CO 2 escape. indicate that the carbon and sulfur can be derived from (degassed) magma and/or nonmagmatic sources. The CO 2 -rich and magmatic-water-derived fluid at Jinman-Liancheng differs from the CO 2 -poor and basinally derived fluid in sediment-hosted stratiform Cu (SSC) deposits, which suggests that there are no genetic linkages between the vein Cu and SSC deposits in the Lanping Basin.

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Distribution, Character, and Genesis of Gold Deposits in Metamorphic Terran

Cited by 435 publications

References 0 publications

Geology, geochemistry and genesis of the Huachanggou gold deposit, western Qinling Orogen, central China

Geology, geochemistry and genesis of the Huachanggou gold deposit, western Qinling Orogen, central China

Geology, fluid inclusion, and isotope constraints on ore genesis of the Neoproterozoic Jinshan orogenic gold deposit, South China

Fluid inclusion and isotopic constraints on the origin of ore‐forming fluid of the Jinman–Liancheng vein Cu deposit in the Lanping Basin, western Yunnan, China

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