Distribution between Protein-Bound and Free Forms of Plasma Cortisol in the Gilt and Fetal Pig Near Term

Kattesh, H. G.; Baumbach, George A.; Gillespie, B.B.; Schneider, John F.; Murai, James T.

doi:10.1159/000244484

Cited by 16 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…Indeed, plasmatic concentrations of CBG do not vary around parturition [4], while cortisol concentrations show a 4-fold increase during farrowing. The binding capacity of CBG for cortisol is therefore likely exceeded [69] and the free cortisol fraction increases up to 28% of the whole fraction around parturition instead of 10-13% during gestation [69,70].…”

Section: Comparison Of Hormone Concentrations In Plasma and Other Fluidsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hormones, IgG and lactose changes around parturition in plasma, and colostrum or saliva of multiparous sows

et al. 2004

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-Blood, colostrum and saliva samples were serially taken from 6 multiparous sows from day 109 of gestation until day 3 postpartum. Plasma was assayed for oestradiol-17β (E2), progesterone (P4), prolactin (PRL), cortisol, immunoglobulin G (IgG) and lactose. Colostrum was assayed for E2, P4, IgG and lactose. Lactoserum, obtained after ultra centrifugation of colostrum, was assayed for PRL. Saliva was assayed for cortisol. Time-related variations in hormone, IgG and lactose concentrations measured in plasma were parallel to those measured in colostrum, lactoserum or saliva. However, the concentrations were higher in colostrum or lactoserum and lower in saliva than in plasma. Ratios of concentrations of cortisol in saliva and PRL in lactoserum over those in plasma did not vary with time and averaged 0.2 and 1.6, respectively. Conversely, the ratios of concentrations of E2 and P4 in colostrum over those in plasma varied with time (P < 0.05) but were quite constant before the end of parturition, averaging 2.7 and 3.6, respectively. The ratios of concentrations of IgG and lactose in colostrum over those in plasma also varied with time (P < 0.05). The concentrations of hormones in plasma on the one hand and in colostrum, lactoserum or saliva on the other hand were significantly correlated but correlations varied with time (PRL across periods: r = 0.31; cortisol across periods: r = 0.60; E2 during parturition: r = 0.83; P4 before parturition: r = 0.82; P4 during parturition: r = 0.67). The present results indicate that around parturition, assays of hormones in colostrum or saliva can be used to study the hormonal status of sows. Furthermore, variations in colostrum and plasma concentrations of IgG and lactose are good indicators of the transition from colostrum to milk synthesis. sow / parturition / steroid / prolactin / lactose / immunoglobulins

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Section: Comparison Of Hormone Concentrations In Plasma and Other Fluidsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hormones, IgG and lactose changes around parturition in plasma, and colostrum or saliva of multiparous sows

et al. 2004

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“…A previous study in pigs also indicated an increase of maternal and fetal plasma cortisol until parturition [35], [36]. However, the LP diet caused higher salivary cortisol concentrations compared to AP and HP sows; this result reflects a higher concentration of unbound biologically active cortisol in LP sows.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 75%

High and Low Protein∶ Carbohydrate Dietary Ratios during Gestation Alter Maternal-Fetal Cortisol Regulation in Pigs

et al. 2012

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Imbalanced maternal nutrition during gestation can cause alterations of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) system in offspring. The present study investigated the effects of maternal low- and high-protein diets during gestation in pigs on the maternal-fetal HPA regulation and expression of the glucocorticoid receptor (GR), mineralocorticoid receptor (MR), 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase 1 and 2 (11β-HSD1 and 11β-HSD2) and c-fos mRNAs in the placenta and fetal brain. Twenty-seven German Landrace sows were fed diets with high (HP, 30%), low (LP, 6.5%) or adequate (AP, 12.1%) protein levels made isoenergetic by varying the carbohydrate levels. On gestational day 94, fetuses were recovered under general anesthesia for the collection of blood, brain and placenta samples. The LP diet in sows increased salivary cortisol levels during gestation compared to the HP and AP sows and caused an increase of placental GR and c-fos mRNA expression. However, the diurnal rhythm of plasma cortisol was disturbed in both LP and HP sows. Total plasma cortisol concentrations in the umbilical cord vessels were elevated in fetuses from HP sows, whereas corticosteroid-binding globulin levels were decreased in LP fetuses. In the hypothalamus, LP fetuses displayed an enhanced mRNA expression of 11β-HSD1 and a reduced expression of c-fos. Additionally, the 11β-HSD2 mRNA expression was decreased in both LP and HP fetuses. The present results suggest that both low and high protein∶carbohydrate dietary ratios during gestation may alter the expression of genes encoding key determinants of glucocorticoid hormone action in the fetus with potential long-lasting consequences for stress adaptation and health.

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“…In the Asian elephant, the mechanisms for these changes in circulating maternal hormones is still under study, though Meyer et al (2004) suggest they may be similar to other mammalian species. Fetal cortisol has been shown to start a cascade of events that initiates parturition in other mammalian species, including sheep (Rees et al 1975, Challis et al 2000, pigs (Kattesh et al 1997), and the wallaby (Ingram et al 1999). In other mammalian species, activation of the fetal hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis and increased fetal cortisol may induce two primary outcomes via normal endocrine actions: conversion of maternal progesterone to estradiol, and driving maternal hormones to regress the corpus luteum (Senger 2003).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Predicting Parturition in a Long-Gestating Species: Behavioral and Hormonal Indicators in the Asian Elephant (Elephas maximus)

Velonis¹

2000

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Captive populations of Asian elephants (Elephas maximus) in North America are not self-sustaining, and increasing reproductive success within captive populations is a high priority. The ability to accurately predict parturition can have a direct impact on elephant welfare. Elephants in captivity often require significant preparation and management throughout the birthing process, and complications during labor and delivery can necessitate immediate intervention, including stillbirth, protracted labor, maternal aggression towards a newborn calf, and dystocia. Being able to predict when parturition will commence can ensure appropriate staff is available and adequate monitoring is performed. Routine endocrine sampling can be used to predict parturition in Asian elephants, with a drop in progesterone (P4) to baseline levels signaling parturition in 2-5 days. However, we determined this method is not without limitations, vi

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Distribution between Protein-Bound and Free Forms of Plasma Cortisol in the Gilt and Fetal Pig Near Term

Cited by 16 publications

References 26 publications

Hormones, IgG and lactose changes around parturition in plasma, and colostrum or saliva of multiparous sows

Hormones, IgG and lactose changes around parturition in plasma, and colostrum or saliva of multiparous sows

High and Low Protein∶ Carbohydrate Dietary Ratios during Gestation Alter Maternal-Fetal Cortisol Regulation in Pigs

Predicting Parturition in a Long-Gestating Species: Behavioral and Hormonal Indicators in the Asian Elephant (Elephas maximus)

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