Distribution behavior of uranium, neptunium, rare-earth elements ( Y, La, Ce, Nd, Sm, Eu, Gd) and alkaline-earth metals (Sr,Ba) between molten LiClKCI eutectic salt and liquid cadmium or bismuth

Thermochemical Investigations in the System Cadmium-Praseodymium Relevant for Pyrometallurgical Fuel Reprocessing

“…Thus, the separation factors differ noticeably when using different liquid metals. Several low melting metals have been tested, such as Al, [8] Bi, [9] and Cd. [9] Among these elements, Cd is the most promising metal because it has a rather high vapor pressure, making it convenient for removal by distillation, and it forms a series of rather stable intermetallic compounds with all RE elements.…”

“…Several low melting metals have been tested, such as Al, [8] Bi, [9] and Cd. [9] Among these elements, Cd is the most promising metal because it has a rather high vapor pressure, making it convenient for removal by distillation, and it forms a series of rather stable intermetallic compounds with all RE elements. Therefore, a detailed knowledge of the respective Cd-RE phase diagrams as well as of the thermodynamic stabilities of the corresponding intermetallic compounds is of great importance.…”

Thermochemical studies of advanced nuclear fuels and materials

“…In order to examine the separation efficiency between actinides and lanthanides by reductive extraction, the distribution coefficient of each element was measured in systems of LiCl-KCl/Cd and LiCl-KCl/Bi at 450-500 °C, from which the separation factor between actinide and lanthanide is obtained, as shown in Fig. 3 [5,6]. The figure indicates that LiCl-KCl/Bi system has a higher separation potential than LiCl-KCl/Cd system.…”

“…The diffusion tests indicate that no melting phase appears under 650 °C in a region with less than 25 wt% of plutonium in fuel U-Pu [11]. The thermodynamic calculation of the activity gradient explains the mechanism of liquefaction, namely the diffusion paths through a two-phase region of liquid and U 6 Fe, provided that a cladding temperature is greater than 650 °C.…”

“…The alloy of Cd/Am = 30 was heated at 673 K, and then excess Cd was distilled away at the same temperature under a temperature gradient. The X-ray diffraction (XRD) pattern was best explained by the existence of two compounds, Am 11 Cd 45 , or mixture of AmCd 3 and AmCd 6 . While MCd 11 -type compound is the most Cd-rich intermediate phase for U-Pu and La-Sm, the indication of its existence for Am-Cd phase has not been obtained in the experimental condition.…”