Distribution and structure of the adrenocortical homologue in the garpike

Bhattacharyya, Tapan K.; Butler, David G.; Youson, John H.

doi:10.1002/aja.1001600302

Cited by 11 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 49 publications

(46 reference statements)

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“…In Teleostei, the chromaffin cells are localized mainly in the head kidney, being found in the posterior kidney (in smaller numbers) in only a few species (Gallo & Civinini, 2003). In Holostei, the chromaffin cells are localized mostly in the anterior half of the kidney (Giacomini, 1933;Youson et al, 1976;Bhattacharyya et al, 1981;Nilsson, 1981). In Protopterus (belonging to Dipnoi), the chromaffin cells are localized in the walls of the atrium, the most anterior part of the left cardinal vein and the intercostal arteries (Abrahamsson et al, 1979).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

The chromaffin system of the beluga sturgeonHuso huso(Chondrostei): Histological, immunohistochemical and ultrastructural study

Gallo¹,

Accordi

Ohlberger

et al. 2004

Italian Journal of Zoology

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The histology and fine structure of the chromaffin cells were examined in the beluga sturgeon Huso huso Linnaeus, 1758. Chromaffin cells, identified by the chromaffin reaction and immunohistochemical reactions for tyrosine hydroxylase, dopamine--ß-hydroxylase and phenylethanolamine-N-methyltransferase, were spread over the entire length of the kidney, mainly localized in the walls of the cardinal and caudal veins and their main branches. Ultrastructural analysis revealed two different types of catecholamine containing cells distinguished by their secretory granules, as in other vertebrate species. According to the different electron-densities of the granules, the cells could be distinguished as adrenaline and noradrenaline producing cells. The presence of nerve fibres and a few endings led us to hypothesize the neural control of catecholamine secretion. Moreover, the positivity of the immunohistochemical reaction for neuronal nitric oxide synthase, an enzyme that catalyzes the synthesis of nitric oxide (NO), in nerve elements close to the chromaffin cells suggested the involvement of NO in the regulation of cell function. The distribution, cytological aspects and regulation of the chromaffin system of the beluga sturgeon are compared with the same system in other bony fishes.KEY WORDS: Huso huso -Chondrostei -Chromaffin systemImmunohistochemistry -Ultrastructure. ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

The chromaffin system of the beluga sturgeonHuso huso(Chondrostei): Histological, immunohistochemical and ultrastructural study

Gallo¹,

Accordi

Ohlberger

et al. 2004

Italian Journal of Zoology

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Urogenital morphology of dipnoans, with comparisons to other fishes and to amphibians

Wake

1986

J. Morphol.

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The morphology of the urogenital system of extant dipnoans is compared among the three genera, and to that of other fishes and amphibians. Analysis is based on dissections, sectioned material, and the literature. Urogenital system morphology provides no support for the hypothesis of a sister-group relationship between dipnoans and amphibians, for virtually all shared characters are primitive, and most characters shared with other fishes are also primitive. Urogenital morphology is useful at the familial level of analysis, however, and synapomorphies support the inclusion of Lepidosiren and Protopterus in the family Lepidosirenidae separate from Neoceratodus of the family Ceratodontidae.Analysis of relationships of the Dipnoi to other fishes and to tetrapods have largely been based on the morphology of hard tissues-the skeleton, tooth plates, and scales. Several studies of other systems are available in the literature, but most are descriptive and few are comparative, at least in considering all three genera of living lungfish. Soft-tissue systems have had limited evaluation in terms of assessing evolution and relationships.Several current hypotheses of the relationships of the Dipnoi exist. These include the proposal by Romer ('66) that dipnoans are the sister group to actinistians and rhipidistians; that of Miles ('77) classifying dipnoans as the sister group of rhipidistians only; and that of Rosen et al. ('81) in which dipnoans are the sister group of tetrapods, with actinistians the outgroup and rhipidistians (porolepiforms) in a n unresolved cladistic position. Within the Recent Dipnoi, Neoceratodus (one species: forsteri) is placed in the family Ceratodontidae; Lepidosiren (one species: paradoxa) and Protopterus (four species: amphibius, aethiopicus, annectens, and dolloi) are placed in the Lepidosirenidae. Soft-tissue morphology, because of the extreme paucity of extinct forms, can offer virtually nothing to our understanding of the relationships of dipnoans to rhipidistians, and little to the association of dipnoans with actinistians (Latimeria not necessarily being "representative"). However, soft-tissue morphology can contribute to information about dipnoan-tetrapod relationships (Rosen et al., '81, uti-lized muscle characters, for example) and to generic and familial relationships.This survey and review of urogenital morphology of the three genera of extant dipnoans and of the literature is undertaken with the following objectives: 1) to provide information from a direct comparison of representatives of all three extant genera; 2) to see if the urogenital system offers support for any of the current hypotheses of dipnoan relationships; and 3) to determine whether or not the urogenital system offers additional characters for the familial allocation of the genera. Urogenital morphology and physiology have received little consideration in these contexts (see, for example, Thomson, '69; Rosen et al. '81). In this paper I review the morphology of the components of the urogenital system in dipnoans...

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On the origin and prenatal development of the bovine adrenal gland

Kh¹,

Süss²

1999

Anatomy and Embryology

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Decisive steps of bovine prenatal adrenal development were investigated in 46 embryos and fetuses using histological, electron microscopical, immuno-, enzyme and lectin histochemical methods. About day 30, the intermediate mesoderm between the cranial mesonephros and coelomic cavity is segmentally organized. It consists of proliferating tissue complexes that are connected to the coelomic cavity by vestigial nephrostomial tubules. This segmental organization soon disappears, however, due to longitudinal fusion of the tissue complexes into a continuous joined blastema. This blastema of intermediate mesodermal (nephric) origin becomes positive for alkaline phosphatase at about 30 days, and slightly later also for acetylcholinesterase. The most cranial portions of this common blastema represent the adrenocortical anlage, the following portions the gonadal rete blastema. A reevaluation of the comparative anatomical record revealed that a nephric origin of adrenocortical or interrenal cells is a general feature of all vertebrates and that the erroneous assumption of the lateral plate-derived coelothelium as precursor of the adrenocortical (interrenal) blastema should be definitively abandoned. The first adrenomedullary precursor cells become visible in the bovine adrenal primordium at day 35. At 50 days, both components (medullary and cortical precursors) are present as interpenetrating plates and strands between large sinusoid vessels and exhibit a strong MIB-1 activity, indicative of a high proliferation rate. About day 60 the cellular proliferation slows down in some of the adrenocortical precursor cells, and the separation into a visible cortex and medulla is initiated. From about day 80 on, the medullary tissue coalesces into a large, continuous area in the interior of the gland, surrounded by a narrow cortical glomerulo-fasciculata that becomes positive for 3beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase at about day 90. Autonomous nerves penetrate the blastemal region as early as day 31. When the separation into cortex and medulla starts, the nerves are more concentrated in the latter. From 130 days on, nerve fascicles reach the interior of the organ not only from its medial side, but also from the capsule surrounding the gland. The penetrating bundles traverse the zona glomerulo-fasciculata without ramification and split off at the border to the medulla. Here, in the outer zone of the medulla, they constitute a particularly dense plexus, whereas in the central medulla a less dense innervation is observed. Up until 90 days, cells with the characteristic features of primordial germ cells are present within the confines of the adrenal gland.

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Distribution and structure of the adrenocortical homologue in the garpike

Cited by 11 publications

References 49 publications

The chromaffin system of the beluga sturgeonHuso huso(Chondrostei): Histological, immunohistochemical and ultrastructural study

The chromaffin system of the beluga sturgeonHuso huso(Chondrostei): Histological, immunohistochemical and ultrastructural study

Urogenital morphology of dipnoans, with comparisons to other fishes and to amphibians

On the origin and prenatal development of the bovine adrenal gland

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