Distribution and Spatial Pattern Analysis on Dengue Cases in Seremban District, Negeri Sembilan, Malaysia

Abstract

Dengue fever disease increases alongside urbanization rate in tropical countries. Hence, the need to visualize the distribution pattern of increases is vital for the management of dengue cases, especially in Malaysia. Thus, the dengue surveillance system is proposed for the monitoring of dengue cases using computer-generated modeling for spatial distribution patterns, which is important for management and control. The present study performed distribution and spatial pattern analysis of dengue cases reported in the growing Seremban district in Negeri Sembilan, Malaysia in 2008 and 2009. The purpose of the study is to evaluate the pattern of distribution and determine whether it is clustered or dispersed. A total of 1401 and 1056 cases for dengue-related diseases were reported by the Ministry of Health Malaysia in Seremban district in the years 2008 and 2009, respectively. Three spatial statistical analysis were conducted: Spatial mean center, directional distribution, and standard distant on distribution of dengue cases reported. This study found that the distribution pattern for dengue cases is clustered. Spatial mean center and directional distribution for both sets of years have slight differences. Meanwhile, standard distance for dengue cases reported in the year 2008 is 22,085.82 m, which is bigger than dengue cases reported in 2009, showing a standard distance of 20,318.35 m. More sets of cases throughout years are required in further studies to identify factors that contribute to dengue epidemiology in the Seremban district undergoing urbanization.

Panorama epidemiológico de dengue en México 2000-2019

“…Estos datos demuestran que el comportamiento del dengue a lo largo de los años es dinámico y que a pesar de los constantes esfuerzos por controlar el vector y mitigar la transmisión del virus existen ciertos patrones de los brotes que coinciden con los que se presentan a nivel regional e inclusive mundial, 19,20 es decir, la distribución geográfica puede ser el resultado de características climáticas como la temperatura y la humedad con modificaciones en el ámbito ecológico, que han contribuido a la expansión de los vectores Aedes aegypti y A. albopictus. Por otro lado, factores demográficos como el aumento en la densidad de la población, migración humana y turismo favorecen también a la transmisión de casos de dengue.…”

Dengue Vector Density Incident and Its Implication to Urban Livability

“…Further increase in dengue cases will impede the growth of Bandar Baru Bangi urbanization in the future. This is because of the higher the rate of dengue infection, the lower the livability of the area [24]. Thus new methods for controlling dengue fever targeted at frequent hotpot locality are increasingly needed.…”

“…It is observed that the main dengue vectors are active via Aedes mosquitoes when the temperature in the surrounding area is below 28°C. Aedes mosquitoes also need clean stagnant water to reproduce and lay eggs [24]. Female Aedes aegypti lay eggs usually on the interior walls of arti cial containers.…”

Spatial Pattern Analysis on Dengue Cases in Bangi district, Selangor, Malaysia

“…The distribution of the ellipse is elongated features and have a particular orientation. Disease surveillance studies used ellipses to model spatial distribution since the central tendency and dispersion are two principal aspects, particularly to epidemiologists [32]. ArcGIS10.5 software used to conduct these spatial statistical analyses.…”