Distribution and Sources of Dissolved and Particulate Heavy Metals (Mn, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Cd, Pb) in Masan Bay, Korea

Insight into the Adaptability of Dominant Plant Indigofera amblyantha Craib for Ecological Restoration of Rock Slopes in Stone Coal Mine

“…The acidic mine discharge (AMD) was formed when these bare minerals oxidized by oxygen and came into contact with the rainwater [11, 12]. The AMD could future dissolve some heavy metals discharged into water [13, 14]. The leaching concentration of heavy metals from stone coal was largely dependent on solution pH [15], the 10.41% Cd, and 0.07% Pb could be released from stone coal over 7 days in pH 3.5 [16].…”

Impact of storage temperature and filtration method on dissolved trace metal concentrations in coastal water samples

“…Various membrane materials with different structures (three‐dimensional mesh, sieve‐like) are available, for example, polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE), polyethersulfone (PES; Supor®), cellulose nitrate, or polycarbonate (Cutter et al, 2017; Danielsson, 1982; Hedberg et al, 2011). Although the GEOTRACES program recommends the use of AcroPak™ filter cartridges for trace metal clean filtration (Cutter et al, 2017), for coastal and estuarine water sampling, mostly glass fiber filters, cellulose, or polycarbonate membranes (Almeida et al, 2023; Gandois et al, 2020; Padhi et al, 2013; Park, Choi, Jang, Joe, & Park, 2020; Zhang et al, 2018) are used. Compared to membrane filters, AcroPak™ cartridges are more expensive and require more elaborate preparations, which is usually not practical within the context of coastal sampling campaigns, especially as dissolved concentrations of most elements are higher than in open ocean (Bruland et al, 2014; Harmesa et al, 2022) and do not require as low blank concentrations.…”

“…Since organisms take up dissolved metals (truly dissolved, chelated, or colloidal; Morel & Price, 2003), it is crucial to separate the dissolved from the particulate phase prior to analysis to trace biological processes or the transport of metals within water masses. Filtration is the most common separation method using either 0.2 µm (Bruland et al, 2014; Cutter et al, 2017; Sohrin et al, 2008) or 0.4 μm (Almeida et al, 2023; Padhi et al, 2013; Park, Choi, Jang, Joe, & Park, 2020; Park, Choi, Jang, Joe, Park, Lee, et al, 2020) pore sizes. The <0.4 μm fraction may contain colloids of clay, Fe and Mn oxides, organic and inorganic metal complexes, and humic acids in addition to the free metal ions (Hall et al, 1996).…”

“…The classification of dissolved, colloidal, and truly dissolved or soluble metals is strongly discussed in literature, but according to common definitions, both fractions (<0.2 μm, <0.4 μm) contain colloidal and not only truly dissolved metals (Bergquist et al, 2007; Dai et al, 1995; Fitzsimmons & Boyle, 2012; Waeles et al, 2008; Wu et al, 2001; Wu & Luther, 1994). For the analysis of dissolved metals in seawater, the GEOTRACES program recommends 0.2‐μm filters (Cutter et al, 2017), but 0.4‐μm filters are also still widely used, especially in coastal and estuarine monitoring (Almeida et al, 2023; BSH, 2016; Park, Choi, Jang, Joe, & Park, 2020; Zhang et al, 2018).…”

The Absorption and Distribution of Heavy Metals of Dominant Plant for Ecological Restoration of Stone Coal Mine

“…Many exposed high escarpments derived from the mining of stone coal were exposed to atmospheric oxygen, which resulted in acidic mine discharge (AMD) formed from rain [8, 9]. The AMD could dissolve heavy metals discharged into the water, such as V, Ni, Cd, Au, Ag, Cu, and Zn [10, 11]. For example, for the fine particle sizes of stone coal, the dissolved rates of As, Pb, V, Cd, and Cr were 2.96%, 0.95%, 0.35%, 0.25%, and 0.01% after 100 days in pH 4.5 solution, respectively [12].…”