Distribution and source appointment of rare earth elements in offshore sediments of Western Xiamen Bay, Southeast China

Hu, Gongren; Lin, Chunye; Yang, Qiuli; Yu, Yongtae; Huang, Huabin; Yu, Ruilian; Cui, Jinlong; Yan, Yan

doi:10.1016/j.gexplo.2019.03.007

Cited by 17 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“…Furthermore, slightly elevated La and Sm concentrations in the Han river have been associated with emissions from fluid catalytic converters ( Song et al., 2017 ). Elevated REE concentrations reported for Western Xiamen Bay (China) were explained by inputs of sewage sludge and fallout from coal combustion ( Hu et al., 2019 ). However, all REEs were enriched to a comparable degree, indicating that specific REE sources in the wastewater were absent.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Quantification of individual Rare Earth Elements from industrial sources in sewage sludge

et al. 2021

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Rare Earth Elements (REEs) are used in increasing amounts in technical applications and consumer products. However, to date, the contribution of industrial sources to the loads of individual REEs in wastewater streams have not been quantified. Here, we determine the REE contents in sludge collected from 63 wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) across Switzerland. To quantify the industrial fraction of individual REEs in the sewage sludge, we develop two complementary approaches, based on REE ratios and REE pattern fitting. Unspecific (background) inputs, with REE patterns similar to the averaged REE pattern of soils collected across Switzerland, dominate the REE budget of most WWTPs. A few WWTPs receive significant REE inputs from specific industrial sources. Based on population equivalents of Switzerland, we estimate a total annual load of 4200 kg Cerium (Ce, 0.5 g Ce year -1 capita -1 ), with an industrial contribution of 2000 kg year -1 . The latter agrees with estimates of probabilistic mass flow models for engineered nanoscale CeO 2 particles discharged to the sewer network. About 7 kg year -1 of Samarium (Sm,total for Switzerland: 184 kg year -1 or 0.02 g Sm year -1 capita -1 ) and 3 kg year -1 of Europium (Eu,total for Switzerland: 44 kg year -1 or 0.005 g Eu year -1 capita -1 ) are assigned to industrial inputs from single WWTPs. Gadolinium (Gd) is used in the form of a stable complex as contrast agent in magnetic resonance imaging. Assuming 10% removal of Gd during wastewater treatment, we calculate an annual discharge of 90 kg of Gd from one individual WWTP to surface waters. WWTPs with exceptionally high industrial inputs of specific REEs warrant detailed investigations to identify the respective sources and to assess whether REE concentrations in effluents are elevated to the same degree.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Quantification of individual Rare Earth Elements from industrial sources in sewage sludge

et al. 2021

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“…The change of chemical weathering intensity could be traced using several proxies (K 2 O/Al 2 O 3 and CIA, etc.,) (Nesbitt and Young 1982;Hu et al 2019). As shown in the Table 1, the values of CIA in the core CM-A and NH-C in the Yangtze Estuary ranged between 57 and 70, 66 and 73, respectively, reflecting a provenance area weathering intensity from low to moderate in the two cores.…”

Section: Chemical Weatheringmentioning

confidence: 91%

Sedimentary records of the Yangtze Estuary over the past 70 years and their implications for provenance

Chi

Liu

et al. 2020

Environ Earth Sci

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The Yangtze River is the largest river in southern China. In this study, the two sediment cores (CM-A and NH-C) taken from the Yangtze River Estuary were analyzed for 210 Pb and 137 Cs dating, major and trace elements, rare earth elements (REEs) and grain size of sediments. The results showed that the sedimentary ages of CM-A and NH-C cores were 37 and 64 years respectively. Then the major and trace elements in the sediments of the Yangtze Estuary were derived from terrigenous clastic materials. The chemical index of alteration (CIA) in the two cores ranged between 57 and 70, 66 and 73, respectively, reflecting the low to intermediate intensity of chemical weathering in the provenance area. The abundance of heavy minerals, grain size in hydrodynamically sorted, and chemical weathering have less effect on REE chemistry in the core CM-A, as well as the source of sediments in the core CM-A can be identified. By comparing the geochemical elements of sediments from the Yangtze River Basin, The provenance of sediments in the upper reaches of the Yangtze River might be similar to those of core CM-A sediments. Combined with A-CN-K and La-Th-Sc ternary diagrams and source discrimination diagrams of REEs parameters, it was presumed that the samples were influenced by K metasomatism, and originated from the same source area, and the granodiorite was the most probably source rock of these samples. Therefore, the upper reaches of the Yangtze River are considered to be the main source area of the sediments core CM-A.

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“…Xiamen Bay is a semi-closed compound estuarine bay in southern Fujian Province, China [ 26 ]. The water area is 154.18 km 2 , with a depth of 10 m extending along the centre of the outer and inner harbours, and the maximum water depth is 31 m. The Jiulong River, the largest river in Xiamen Bay, has an annual maximum runoff of 288 × 10 8 m 3 [ 27 , 28 ]. Xiamen Bay is located in the economically developed coastal area of China, which have frequent human activities [ 29 , 30 ].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Human Activities on the Spatial Distribution, Ecological Risk and Sources of PTEs in Coastal Sediments

Wang

Lin

Wang

et al. 2021

IJERPH

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Potentially toxic elements (PTEs) have attracted substantial attention because of their widespread sources, long residue time and easy accumulation. PTEs in the surface sediments of inshore waters are strongly affected by human activities because these waters are a zone of interaction between the ocean and land. In the present study, to explore the environmental geochemical behaviour and source of PTEs in the surface sediments of coastal waters, the contents and spatial distributions of copper (Cu), lead (Pb), zinc (Zn), cadmium (Cd), chromium (Cr), mercury (Hg) and arsenic (As) in different regions of Xiamen Bay were investigated. The data were processed by multivariate statistical methods, and the distribution characteristics of PTEs in the surface sediments of Xiamen Bay were analysed. In addition, the pollution load index (PLI), geo-accumulation index (Igeo) and potential ecological index(RI) were used to evaluate the pollution degree and potential risk in the surface sediments of Xiamen Bay, and the positive matrix factorisation (PMF) model was used to analyse the source. The results show that Zn had the highest mean concentration, followed by Pb, Cr, Cu, As, Cd and Hg, among the seven PTEs. The mean contents of Pb, Zn, Cd, Cu and Hg, and especially Hg and Cd, were higher than the corresponding environmental background values. The average PLI value indicated that the Xiamen Bay sediment was moderately contaminated by PTEs. The Igeo results showed that Xiamen Bay was moderately to strongly polluted by Cd and Hg. The proportions of samples with low, medium and strong risk levels were 11.63%, 74.42%, and 13.95% in surface sediments, respectively. PMF models showed that the input of chemical fertilizer and medication, anthropogenic atmospheric components and terrestrial detritus were the main sources of PTEs in the surface sediment of Xiamen Bay.

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Distribution and source appointment of rare earth elements in offshore sediments of Western Xiamen Bay, Southeast China

Cited by 17 publications

References 38 publications

Quantification of individual Rare Earth Elements from industrial sources in sewage sludge

Quantification of individual Rare Earth Elements from industrial sources in sewage sludge

Sedimentary records of the Yangtze Estuary over the past 70 years and their implications for provenance

Effects of Human Activities on the Spatial Distribution, Ecological Risk and Sources of PTEs in Coastal Sediments

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