Distribution and Sampling of the whiteflies &lt;I&gt;Aleurothrixus floccosus&lt;/I&gt;, &lt;I&gt;Dialeurodes citri&lt;/I&gt;, and &lt;I&gt;Parabemisia myricae&lt;/I&gt; (Homoptera: Aleyrodidae) in Citrus in Spain

Soto, Antonia; Ohlenschläeger, Frank; Garcia‐Marí, F.

doi:10.1603/0022-0493-95.1.167

Cited by 13 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…Aleurothrixus floccosus (Aleyrodidae, Maskell) is another serious citrus pest across the world, reported in Africa (Giliomee and Millar 2009;Belay et al 2011), Europe (Katsoyannos et al 1997;Soto et al 2002), Asia (Kanmiya and Sonobe 2002), North and South America (Miklasiewicz and Walker 1990). As with A. woglumi, adults and nymphs inflict direct damage to citrus by feeding on phloem, which can cause premature leaf fall at high infestations (Umeh and Adeyemi 2011).…”

Section: Woolly Whiteflymentioning

confidence: 99%

Biological, environmental and socioeconomic threats to citrus lime production

et al. 2018

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Limes as a fruit crop are of great economic importance, key to Asian and South American cuisines and cultivated in nearly all tropical and subtropical regions of the world. Demand for limes is increasing, driven by World Health Organization recommendations. Pests and pathogens have significantly reduced global productivity, while changes in agronomic techniques aim to alleviate this stress. We present here a holistic examination of the major biotic (pests and pathogens) and abiotic (environment and socioeconomic) factors that presently limit global production of lime. The major producers of limes are India, China and Mexico, while loss of lime production in the United States from 2006 has led many countries in the Western Hemisphere (Mexico, Costa Rica and Brazil) to export primarily to the USA. The most widespread invertebrate pests of lime are Toxoptera citricida and Scirtothrips citri. Another insect, Diaphorina citri, vectors both Huanglongbing (HLB) and Witches Broom of Lime, which are particularly destructive diseases. Developing agronomic techniques focus on production of resistant and pathogen-free planting materials and control of insect vectors. HLB infects citrus in nearly all growing regions, and has been particularly devastating in Asian citrus. Meanwhile, Citrus tristeza virus has infected over 100 million citrus trees, mainly in the Americas and Mediterranean. Currently, Witches Broom Disease of Lime is localised to the Middle East, but recently it has been detected in South America. The range of its vectors (D. citri and Hishimonus phycitis) further raises concerns about the potential spread of this disease. Abiotic threats to lime production are also a significant concern; key areas of lime production such as Mexico, India and the Middle East suffer from increasing water stress and high soil salinity, which combined with invasive pests and pathogens, may eliminate lime production in these areas. To ensure future security in lime production, policy makers, researchers and growers will need to examine the potential of more resistant lime cultivars and establish novel areas of cultivation.

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Section: Woolly Whiteflymentioning

confidence: 99%

Biological, environmental and socioeconomic threats to citrus lime production

et al. 2018

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“…et al, 1982). Argov et al (1999) y Soto et al (2002) encontraron una distribución agregada para todos los estados de desarrollo de diversas especies de moscas blancas en cítricos, entre ellas D. citri, sin especificar el tamaño de las fincas en donde hicieron los muestreos. Entonces, si para las moscas blancas de cítricos se repite la relación entre el patrón de distribución y el área del cultivo hallada para las especies hortícolas, es esperable una mayor densidad poblacional en una finca de menor tamaño frente a una de mayor tamaño al realizar un muestreo al azar como el que se llevó adelante en este trabajo.…”

Section: Discussionunclassified

Moscas blancas y enemigos naturales asociados al cultivo de naranja bajo dos tipos de manejo sanitario en San Pedro, provincia de Buenos Aires

López

Segade

2017

RSEA

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Whiteflies (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) are important pests that affect the genus Citrus. The objective of this study was to identify the species present in orange orchards in San Pedro (province of Buenos Aires) and to analyze their population evolution and that of their natural enemies under two sanitary management (conventional and organic). The density of adults, parasitized and non-parasitized nymphs, species and density of predators and parasitoids, presence of sooty mold on leaf/fruit, fruit yield and applied agrochemicals were recorded monthly. The prevalent species of whiteflies were Dialeurodes citri (Ashmead) and Singhiella citrifolii (Morgan), whose adult populations developed between October and May, without differences between types of management. The nymphs were present throughout the year, with higher density in organic crops. Sooty mold levels were similar for both managements. The predator Euseius concordis (Chant) (Acari: Phytoseiidae) was the most abundant natural enemy, with higher density in organic crops compared to conventional ones. There were low levels of parasitism by Encarsia protransvena Viggiani, Encarsia group strenua (Hymenoptera: Aphelinidae) and Neopomphale sp. (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae). The fruit yield was higher in the conventional treatment. Results show the need of controlling the pest with less harmful products for the beneficial fauna. KEYWORDS.Parasitoids. Predators. Citrus. RESUMEN.Las moscas blancas (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) son importantes plagas que afectan al género Citrus. En este trabajo se identificaron las especies presentes en naranjos de San Pedro (provincia de Buenos Aires) y se analizó su evolución poblacional y la de sus enemigos naturales bajo dos manejos sanitarios (convencional y orgánico). Mensualmente se registró la densidad de adultos y ninfas, la especie y densidad de parasitoides y predadores, la presencia de fumagina en hojas/frutos, el rendimiento y los agroquímicos aplicados. Las principales especies fueron Dialeurodes citri (Ashmead) y Singhiella citrifolii (Morgan), cuyas poblaciones de adultos predominaron entre octubre y mayo, sin diferencias entre los tipos de manejo. Las ninfas estuvieron presentes a lo largo del año, con mayores cantidades en los cultivos orgánicos. Los niveles de fumagina fueron similares para ambos manejos. El predador Euseius concordis (Chant) (Acari: Phytoseiidae) fue el enemigo natural más abundante, con mayor densidad en los cultivos orgánicos. Hubo bajos niveles de parasitismo por Encarsia protransvena Viggiani, Encarsia grupo strenua (Hymenoptera: Aphelinidae) y Neopomphale sp. (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae). El rendimiento de frutos fue mayor en el tratamiento convencional. Los resultados muestran la necesidad de controlar la plaga con productos menos nocivos para la fauna benéfica.

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“…A yellow sticky trap was placed at the centre of each plot and the number of adult whitefly was counted bi-weekly (Hirano et al,1995;Hoelmer et al, 1998) at two, four, six and eight weeks after emergence (WAE). The number of whitefly nymphs was counted bi-weekly at two, four, six and eight WAE by sampling ten lower leaves from ten plants in a zig-zag manner from inner rows of each plot (Soto et al, 2002).…”

Section: Assessment Of Whitefly and Thrips Populationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Efficacy of Potassium Salts of Fatty Acids in the Management of Thrips and Whitefly on Snap Beans

Wafula¹,

Muthomi²,

Nderitu³

et al. 2017

SAR

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Snap bean farmers mainly rely on chemical pesticides to manage insect pests but the introduction of strict maximum residue levels (MRLs) by European markets poses a challenge to the use of pesticides. This has necessitated the search for alternative pest management options that do not result in harmful residues on produce. Therefore, this study was carried out to determine the efficacy of potassium salts of fatty acids as alternative to synthetic chemicals in management of snap bean pests. Field experiments were carried out in farmers' fields in Mwea and Embu for two cropping cycles between July 2013 and January 2014. Potassium salts of fatty acids at 0.5%, 1% and 1.5% spray solution was compared with chemical pesticide confidor ® (Imidacloprid) and farmers practice [Thunder ® (Imidacloprid + Betacyfluthrin) and Karate ® (Lambda Cyhalothrin). Population of thrips, whitefly, and yield of pest damaged pods, in addition to marketable pod yield was determined. Application of potassium salts of fatty acids at 1% and 1.5% significantly (P<0.05) reduced white fly and thrips populations by up to 54%. Weight of pest damaged pods was also significantly (P<0.05) reduced by up to 76% while the weight of marketable pod yield was significantly (P<0.05) increased by up to 112%. The results demonstrated that potassium salts of fatty acids are a viable alternative to synthetic chemical pesticides thereby enabling farmers to produce with acceptable residue levels that meet market requirements.

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Distribution and Sampling of the whiteflies <I>Aleurothrixus floccosus</I>, <I>Dialeurodes citri</I>, and <I>Parabemisia myricae</I> (Homoptera: Aleyrodidae) in Citrus in Spain

Cited by 13 publications

References 15 publications

Biological, environmental and socioeconomic threats to citrus lime production

Biological, environmental and socioeconomic threats to citrus lime production

Moscas blancas y enemigos naturales asociados al cultivo de naranja bajo dos tipos de manejo sanitario en San Pedro, provincia de Buenos Aires

Efficacy of Potassium Salts of Fatty Acids in the Management of Thrips and Whitefly on Snap Beans

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