Distribution and risks of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in suburban and rural soils of Beijing with various land uses

Abstract

We investigated the sources, distribution, and health risks of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in soils of peri-urban Beijing. The mean concentrations of total 16 PAHs in suburban and rural soils of Beijing were 321.8 ± 408.2 and 219.2 ± 233.5 ng/g, respectively. The PAH concentrations decreased along the urban-suburban-rural gradient and varied with land use categories. The industrial areas had the highest soil PAH concentrations followed by the living areas, roadsides, green areas, and agricultural areas. The major sources of PAHs in these soils were coal and biomass combustion. Traffic emission was not the dominant source of PAHs in peri-urban Beijing. At a few sites, high soil PAH contents were caused by point sources such as iron and steel plants and a wood preservative factory. The incremental lifetime cancer risks (ILCRs) of adults and children exposed to PAHs in the soils were acceptable. However, cautions should be paid to the abandoned industrial sites, which might be converted to residential area during the urbanization process.

Regional and Seasonal Variation of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Water and Mollusca at Quarna North of Shatt AL-Arab River

“…The ratio of LPAHs/HPAHs in M.tuberculata were >1 in all station and seasonal which implies that the source of the PAHs was from pyrogenic derived from incomplete combustion of fuel at all stations. The ratio( fluoranthene/ Pyrene ) was more than one at all station and for all seasons and The ratio of (Phenanthrene / Anthracene) is less than the number (10) in all station and seasons and this indicates that the origin of PAHs in snail samples M.tuberculata is Petrogenic and Pyrogenic( table 11,12and 13) ( Table 14,15 and16) shows The ratio of LPAHs/HPAHs in B.bengalensis were >1 in all station and seasonal ,except In the third station in the spring , the ratio was less than (1)This shows that the origin of PAHs is Petrogenic and a low amount of Pyrogenic. The ratio( fluoranthene/ Pyrene ) was more than one at all station and for all seasons‫ﻭ‬ except In the first station in the summer This shows that the origin of PAHs is Petrogenic and a low amount of Pyrogenic.…”

“…This shows that the origin of PAHs is Petrogenic and a low amount of Pyrogenic. The ratio( fluoranthene/ Pyrene ) was more than one at all station and for all seasons, except in the first station in the winter and spring was less than (1) The ratio of (Phenanthrene / Anthracene) is less than the number (10) in all station and seasons and this indicates that the origin of PAHs in snail samples T.jordani is Petrogenic and Pyrogenic (table 8,9 and 10)…”

“…The ratio( fluoranthene/ Pyrene ) was more than one at all station and for all seasons‫ﻭ‬ except In the first station in the summer This shows that the origin of PAHs is Petrogenic and a low amount of Pyrogenic. and The ratio of (Phenanthrene / Anthracene) is less than the number (10) in all station and seasons and this indicates that the origin of PAHs in snail samples B.bengalensis is Petrogenic and Pyrogenic [1,2,3-c,d]pyrene+Di benz[a,h]…”

“…(PAH background values). The anthropogenic one includes incomplete combustion of fossil fuels, and industrial emissions (PAH contamination levels) (9,10). Aquatic environments are also polluted with PAHs through anthropogenic activities such as accidental oil spills, discharge from routine tanker operations, and municipal and urban runoff.…”

Quantitative assessment of human health risk posed by polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in urban road dust

“…For example, Wang et al (2011) qualitatively compared the risk to people posed by PAHs in road dust collected from different residential, commercial, industrial and park areas. However, as the role of influential factors was not investigated and predictive models were not developed, assessments of this nature tends to be location specific (Yu et al, 2014;Peng et al, 2016). This is attributed to the fact that some influential factors such as land use are not easy to be quantified.…”