Distribution and Risk Assessment of Fluoride in Drinking Water in the West Plain Region of Jilin Province, China

Abstract

The west plain region of Jilin province of northeast China is one of the typical endemic fluorosis areas caused by drinking water for many years. Investigations of hydrogeological and ecoenvironmental conditions as well as endemic fluorosis were conducted in 1998. Results show that the ground water, especially, the water in the unconfined aquifer is the main source of drinking water for local residents. The fluoride concentration in groundwater in the unconfined aquifers is higher than that in the confined aquifer in the west plain of Jilin province. The fluoride concentration in the unconfined aquifer can be used to classify the plain into fluoride deficient area, optimum area and excess area, which trend from west to east. High fluoride (>1.0 mg L(-1)) in drinking water resulted in dental and skeletal fluorosis in local residents (children and pregnant women). There exists a positive correlation between fluoride concentration in the drinking water and the morbidities of endemic fluorosis disease (r1 = 0.781, r2 = 0.872). Health risks associated with fluoride concentration in drinking water are assessed. It has been determined that fluoride concentration in excess of 1.0 mg L(-1) exposes residents to high health risks based on risk identification. The study area is classified into five health risk classes as shown in Figure 4. The risk indexes of this area more than 1.0 are accounted for 68% of the total west plain region.

Hydrogeochemical processes controlling the high fluoride concentration in groundwater: a case study at the Boden block area, Orissa, India

“…Here, an attempt has been made to mathematically compute a relationship between fluoride concentrations in groundwater of Boden block with respect to risk factor associated with endemic fluorosis. The risk index (R), a function of fluoride level in drinking water and morbidity of fluorosis, has been calculated following equation proposed by Linthurst et al (1995) and Bo et al (2003):…”

Assessment of Dental Fluorosis in Children of Jaipur District, Rajasthan, India

“…Dentifrices contain 1000 parts per million (ppm) fluorides [6]. Risk of endemic fluorosis was the F level in source of drinking water is more than 1.0 ppm [7]. The available study data suggest that 15 States in India are endemic for fluorosis (F level in drinking water >1.5 ppm) and about (62 million) people in India suffering from dental, SF and NSF including these 6 million children are below the age of 14 years [8].…”

Binary Systems of Kaolinite and Hematite: Preparation, Characterization and Adsorption Characteristics for Fluoride

“…An appropriate concentration of uorine in human body is bene cial for the production and maintenance of healthy bone and teeth, but excessive intake of uorine can cause uorosis such as bone disease, mottling of teeth and lesion of endocrine glands, thyroid, liver and other organs. [1][2][3] The toxicity and de ciency of uorine have been occurring frequently in many parts of the world because the concentration range between de cient and toxic levels of uorine in mammals is very narrow. [2][3][4] Inorganic uoride is ubiquitously in minerals, soils, sediments and natural waters, and it can enter the organisms of plants, animals and humans through substance cycles and food chains.…”

“…[2][3][4] Inorganic uoride is ubiquitously in minerals, soils, sediments and natural waters, and it can enter the organisms of plants, animals and humans through substance cycles and food chains. 1,[3][4][5] The mobility and bioavailability of uoride in natural environments depend on its speciation, and understanding the special distributions of uoride are therefore important to control the uptake of uorine by living things from natural environments. 3,5,6) Iron oxides are key constituents of soils and sediments and act as ef cient adsorbents for nutrients and pollutants in natural environments.…”