Distribution and phenology of the <i>Ancistrocerus</i> and <i>Symmorphus</i> species in eastern Fennoscandia (Hymenoptera, Eumenidae)¹

Abstract

Distribution and phenology of ten Ancistrocerus and eight Symmorphus species in Finland and the northwestern U.S.S.R. are presented on the basis of 8495 specimens from public and private collections. A. nigricornis, S. fuscipes and S. murarius are shown to have retreated during the last few decades from a large area of their former range in Finland. The proportions of A. antilope, A. parietum, S. allobrogus and S. crassicornis have decreased, while the proportion of A. parietinus has considerably increased in the area after the year 1970. Decrease of dead deciduous trees is one possible reason. A. parietum and A. trifasciatus are possibly bivoltine in southern Finland.

Habitat preferences and spring temperature‐related abundance of German wasp Vespula germanica in its northern range

“…During the previous decades, workers of some social wasps ( Vespa crabro and Vespula germanica ) have been shown to advance their phenology, possibly due to climate change (Tryjanowski et al ., ). The German wasp ( V. germanica , Fabricius, 1793) is a central and southern European species with its natural range between North Africa in the south and 60° N in Scandinavia (Kurzenko, ; Pekkarinen & Huldén, ; Witt, ). The known northern nesting limit of the German wasp in Finland has been the Åland islands until 1995 (Pekkarinen & Huldén, ).…”

“…The German wasp ( V. germanica , Fabricius, 1793) is a central and southern European species with its natural range between North Africa in the south and 60° N in Scandinavia (Kurzenko, ; Pekkarinen & Huldén, ; Witt, ). The known northern nesting limit of the German wasp in Finland has been the Åland islands until 1995 (Pekkarinen & Huldén, ). There had been only three observations of the German wasp in continental Finland prior to 2000, all of them of non‐nesting queens (Pekkarinen & Huldén, ; Johansson & Pekkarinen, ).…”

“…The known northern nesting limit of the German wasp in Finland has been the Åland islands until 1995 (Pekkarinen & Huldén, ). There had been only three observations of the German wasp in continental Finland prior to 2000, all of them of non‐nesting queens (Pekkarinen & Huldén, ; Johansson & Pekkarinen, ). Those queens which migrated to Finland, however, were unsuccessful in founding colonies, likely due to cold spring temperatures.…”

Parasitism of <i>Stylops</i> (Strepsiptera, Stylopidae) in poly- and oligolectic <i>Andrena</i> hosts (Hymenoptera, Apoidea)

“…Local proportions of stylopization may be highly variable, and Jensen (1971) noted even 18% stylopized specimens in a large colony of oligo-lectic Andrena vaga Panzer in North Zealand in Denmark. In Finland, stylopids have been recorded on polylectic and oligolectic Andrena species (in collection materials) as follows (Pekkarinen & Raatikainen 1973) The frequency of stylopized specimens is significantly smaller on oligolectic species (X 2 = 25.4, P < 0.001). This result indicates that oligolectic…”

Two new species of the genus Ancistrocerus Wesmael (Hymenoptera, Vespidae, Eumeninae) from China, with a key to the Oriental species

“…Up to now, 114 species and 42 subspecies were recorded worldwide, including 58 species and 17 subspecies from the Palearctic Region (Blüthgen 1954; Borsato 2006; Cameron 1911; Giordani Soika 1964a; Gusenleitner 1977, 1995; Kim and Yoon 1995; Kim and Yamane 2009; Pekkarinen and Hulden 1991; van der Vecht and Fischer 1972; Yamane 1990), 16 species from the Oriental Region (Bingham 1897; Cameron 1900, 1908; Giordani Soika 1964b, 1976, 1991, 1994; Gusenleitner 1997, 2010; Kim and Yamane 2009; Li 1982, 1985; Meade–Waldo 1910a, 1910b, 1913; Yamane and Gusenleitner 1993), 22 species and 12 subspecies from the Ethiopian Region (Carpenter et al 2009), 19 species and 12 subspecies from the Nearctic Region (Bequaert 1925, 1944; Buck et al 2008; Cameron 1908), and 12 species from the Neotropical Region (Bequaert 1925; Carpenter and Garcete–Barrett 2002; Carpenter and Genaro 2011). Twenty–six species and two subspecies of this genus were already recorded from China (Bingham 1897; Giordani Soika 1964b, 1970, 1976, 1991; Gusenleitner 1993; Meade–Waldo 1910a, 1910b; Yamane and Gusenleitner 1993).…”