Distribution and Persistence of Methyl 2-Benzimidazole Carbamate Phosphate Injected into American Elms in Late Spring or Early Fall

Je, Elliston; Gs, Walton

doi:10.1094/phyto-69-1235

Cited by 4 publications

(2 citation statements)

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“…Management strategies, such as fungicide drenches or fumigation treatments, show limited effects due to the difficulty of reaching the pathogen in roots at soil depths of up to 2 m. Intravascular infusion of tree trunks was suggested as a potential strategy for the control of root-and soil-borne pathogens in tree species (Elliston and Walton, 1979;Lacy, 1982;Appel and Kurdyla, 1992;Osterbauer and French, 1992) including Prunus spp. (Heaton and Dullahide, 1990;Adaskaveg et al, 1999).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Persistence of Propiconazole in Peach Roots and Efficacy of Trunk Infusions forArmillariaRoot Rot Control

Amiri

Schnabel

2012

International Journal of Fruit Science

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Trunk infusion of peach with propiconazole has been suggested as a potential strategy to protect roots from colonization by Armillaria species. In the present study, we investigated the persistence of propiconazole in peach roots following fall infusions and its potential for Armillaria root rot control in a commercial peach orchard. Four 12-year-old trees were infused with either 2 liters of a propiconazole solution at 0.4 mg ml -1 or water in September 2007. Bark tissue collected from primary roots of propiconazole-infused trees 48 hr and 6 and 12 months after infusion and analyzed using gas chromatography-mass spectroscopy contained 6.4, 1.4, and 0.9 µg propiconazole per gram fresh bark, respectively. Asymptomatic trees adjacent to trees that had died from Armillaria root rot (protective treatment) and symptomatic but alive trees (curative treatment) were infused with 1 liter of a propiconazole solution (0.4 mg ml -1 ) in spring and fall of 2008 and 2009 at a commercial peach orchard planted in 2005. Trees were rated for Armillaria root rot severity 6, 12, 24, and 36 months post-infusion. In the protective treatment, the survival rate in both non-infused and infused trees was 80% 36 months post-infusion. However, more (60%) of the propiconazole-infused trees remained asymptomatic compared to the control trees (30%). A significant difference was observed between the non-infused and propiconazole-infused trees following curative treatment. None of the control trees were alive after 36 months compared to 40% of propiconazole-infused trees. 438A. Amiri and G. Schnabel We conclude that fall infusion of peripheral trees of infection centers with propiconazole can slow the expansion of Armillaria root rot infection centers in commercial peach orchards.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Persistence of Propiconazole in Peach Roots and Efficacy of Trunk Infusions forArmillariaRoot Rot Control

Amiri

Schnabel

2012

International Journal of Fruit Science

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“…Benzimidazole fungicides applied by trunk injection or soil drench have been used to control vascular wilt diseases such as Dutch elm disease and fusarium and verticillium wilts (4,5). In limited trials, blight-affected trees did not appear to respond to trunk injection with low rates of benzimidazole fungicides (15).…”

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confidence: 99%

Effect of Oxytetracycline and Benzimidazole Treatments on Blight-affected Citrus Trees1

Lee

Timmer

Albrigo

1982

J. Amer. Soc. Hort. Sci.

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Citrus blight is a vascular wilt disease of unknown etiology. Blight-affected ‘Pineapple’ sweet orange [Citrus sinensis (L.) Osb.] trees on rough lemon (C. jambhiri Lush.) rootstock in early stages of decline were treated with benzimidazole fungicides or with oxytetracycline (OTC) by trunk injection, soil drench, or injection plus drench. The distribution and persistence of the materials were monitored by bioassay using Bacillus cereus var. mycoides for OTC and Penicillium expansum L. for benzimidazoles. Both materials were well-distributed in the canopy following trunk injections, in the root systems following soil drenches, and though most of the tree after injection plus drench treatments. Benzimidazoles and OTC persisted within the trees for several months and relatively high levels of activity were maintained for over a year by 3 applications. OTC persisted in soil for more than 6 months; whereas, benomyl disappeared from the soil in 3 months or less. Although high levels of bactericidal or fungicidal activity were maintained in the treated trees, most treated trees declined as rapidly as the untreated control trees. The injection plus drench group treated with OTC showed a slight improvement after 2 years. None of the treatments increased tree growth or resulted in increased water uptake. High levels of zinc in trunk wood, an internal symptom of blight, were unaffected by the benzimidazole treatments, but injection plus drench treatment with OTC significantly reduced zinc levels in trunk wood. Since neither OTC nor benzimidazoles completely reversed symptoms of blight, we were unable to conclusively confirm or refute proposed bacterial or fungal etiologies for citrus blight.

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Dutch Elm Disease Chemotherapy with Arbotect 20-S® and Alamo®

Stennes¹

2000

The Elms

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Distribution and Persistence of Methyl 2-Benzimidazole Carbamate Phosphate Injected into American Elms in Late Spring or Early Fall

Cited by 4 publications

References 0 publications

Persistence of Propiconazole in Peach Roots and Efficacy of Trunk Infusions forArmillariaRoot Rot Control

Persistence of Propiconazole in Peach Roots and Efficacy of Trunk Infusions forArmillariaRoot Rot Control

Effect of Oxytetracycline and Benzimidazole Treatments on Blight-affected Citrus Trees1

Dutch Elm Disease Chemotherapy with Arbotect 20-S® and Alamo®

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