Distribution and persistence of carbaryl in some terrestrial and aquatic components of a forest environment

Sundaram, K. M. S.; Szeto, Sunny Y.

doi:10.1080/03601238709372574

Cited by 5 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 21 publications

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“…Carbamate insecticide residuals (a major class of pesticides) have been found in drinking water, surface water, and groundwater (Sundaram and Szeto 1987;Wnuk et al 1988;Cohen et al 1986). Pesticide contaminated wastewater, which includes unused tank mixed pesticides and rinse water used to clean application equipment and containers, herein collectively referred to as rinsate, has been identified as a major source of this problem.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Aerobic Carbamate Bioremediation Aided by Compost Residuals from the Mushroom Industry: Laboratory Studies

Kuo¹,

Regan

1998

Compost Science & Utilization

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Pesticide contamination of surface and groundwater resources has been a continuing concern of the agribusiness community. Inadequate management practices, specifically involving the on-farm handling of rinsates, appear to be a major source of pesticide contamination. The goal of this paper is to present the experimental findings for the evaluation of the biodegradation rates of selected carbamate insecticides when used as substrates under laboratory controlled conditions. Carbaryl, carbofuran and aldicarb were selected as the candidate substrates at concentrations of 10, 20 and 30 mg/ L, believed to be representative of on-farm rinsate. Seed obtained from spent mushroom substrate (SMS) provided the microbial consortium for the experiments described. The experimental data indicated that the degradation rates of the three carbamate insecticides were described well by the Monod model using the net microorganisms growth rate with experimentally derived kinetic coefficients. The average values of k and Ks at 95 percent confidence levels were found to be 1.35 ± 0.36 day-1 and 4.32 ± 2.33 mg/ L for carbaryl, 0.424 ± 0.073 day-1 and 31.8 ± 4.83 mg/L for carbofuran and 0.077 ± 0.0132 day-1 and 15.8 ± 4.22 mg/L for aldicarb, respectfully. Relatively, the magnitude of the kinetic coefficients indicate carbaryl and carbofuran were more readily biodegradable than aldicarb under the conditions imposed.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Aerobic Carbamate Bioremediation Aided by Compost Residuals from the Mushroom Industry: Laboratory Studies

Kuo¹,

Regan

1998

Compost Science & Utilization

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A gas‐liquid chromatographic method to determine size spectra of droplets of an aerially applied non‐volatile spray mix deposited on kromekote® cards

Sundaram

1995

Pestic. Sci.

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A non‐volatile oil‐based spray mix of a low‐vapour‐pressure insecticide, aminocarb, containing an oil‐soluble red dye was applied at a dosage rate of 70 g AI in 1‐5 litre ha−1, using a fixed wing aircraft equipped with four ‚Micronair’︁® AU3000 atomizers, over a 1000 × 500 m spray block selected in Bathurst, New Brunswick, Canada. Spray was applied twice, at an interval of five days, to provide a total dosage rate of 140 g AI in 3.0 litre ha−1. Spray mass recovery was assessed on glass plates and droplets were collected on ‚Kromekote’︁® cards, both at ground level. The stain sizes were grouped into different categories. The area containing the stains was excised, and the aminocarb present was quantified by gas‐liquid chromatography (GLC). The mass of aminocarb per droplet in each stain size category was evaluated. From the mass, the spherical droplet diameter (d), number and volume median diameters (DN.5 and Dv.5 respectively), a new parameter [mass (of aminocarb) median diameter] (DM.5), and the droplet size spectra were calculated. The DM.5 for the first application was 56 μm, which was identical to the Dv.5. whereas the DN.5 was smaller at 45 μm. The corresponding values for the second application were: DM.5 = Dv.5 = 63 μm, but the DN.5 was 53 μm. Because the spray mix was non‐volatile, all the droplet size spectra parameters were identical both at spray release height and at ground level. The present study has provided, for the first time in the literature, a novel method to determine directly the spherical diameters of the droplets deposited on artificial samplers, without having to go through the tedious procedures of spread factor measurements under laboratory conditions. In fact, the present study has made it possible to calculate spread factors under field conditions, by using the stain diameters measured and the spherical diameters calculated from the aminocarb concentration levels.

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Radiation absorption and rate constants for carbaryl photocatalytic degradation in a solar collector

2002

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Distribution and persistence of carbaryl in some terrestrial and aquatic components of a forest environment

Cited by 5 publications

References 21 publications

Aerobic Carbamate Bioremediation Aided by Compost Residuals from the Mushroom Industry: Laboratory Studies

Aerobic Carbamate Bioremediation Aided by Compost Residuals from the Mushroom Industry: Laboratory Studies

A gas‐liquid chromatographic method to determine size spectra of droplets of an aerially applied non‐volatile spray mix deposited on kromekote® cards

Radiation absorption and rate constants for carbaryl photocatalytic degradation in a solar collector

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