Distribution and origin of seismic chimneys associated with gas hydrate using 2D multi-channel seismic reflection and well log data in the Ulleung Basin, East Sea

Kang, Nyeon‐Keon; Yoo, Dong‐Geun; Yi, Bo‐Yeon; Park, Soo-Chul

doi:10.1016/j.quaint.2015.08.002

Cited by 15 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“…ERs that represented the charging of hydrocarbons (free gas trap) are observed around or on the structural highs of those diapiric faults and cracks, which demonstrate that the deep hydrocarbons had migrated through diapiric and associated structures (Figure ; Sun, Wu, Cartwright, & Dong, ; Wang, Collett, et al, ). Furthermore, the gas chimney itself is an efficient migration pathway for natural gas (Cartwright et al, ; Horozal et al, ; Kang et al, ; Karstens & Berndt, ; Petersen et al, ; Sun, Wu, Cartwright, & Dong, ; Sun, Wu, Dong, et al, ). The direct evidence is the pull‐down of events that can be found at the edges or inside the gas chimneys, which resulted from a decreased velocity and increased travel time of the seismic wave in the gas‐charged formations (Karstens & Berndt, ; Scholl et al, ; Wu et al, ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The processing procedures have been introduced by Wang et al () and Zhang, Liang, Yang, et al (). The processed seismic data were then interpreted and analysed comprehensively, which emphasized the recognition and identification of the BSRs and seismic abnormal reflection zones, including mud diapirs, gas chimneys, mounds, gas seepages, and submarine pockmarks (Gay et al, ; Horozal et al, ; Kang et al, ; Kopf, ; Lei, Ren, Clift, et al, ; Løseth et al, ; Sun, Wu, Cartwright, & Dong, ). During the interpretation process, attribute analysis, such as instantaneous frequency, was used to identify the gas chimneys that are characterized by a low instantaneous frequency on the seismic profiles (Satyavani, Thakur, Kumar, & Reddi, ; Sun, Wu, Dong, et al, ).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Worldwide studies of submarine basins have demonstrated that diapirs, gas chimneys, and associated diapiric structures, as well as seafloor expressions, developed in the majority of the discovered or predicted petroleum-and gas hydrate-enriched basins, and most of them have a close relationship with the hydrocarbon reservoirs and gas hydrate (Gay et al, 2006;Hovland, Gallagher, Clennell, & Lekvam, 1997;Liu et al, 2006;Mazzini & Etiope, 2017;Petersen, Bünz, Hustoft, Mienert, & Klaeschen, 2010;Rajan, Bünz, Mienert, & Smith, 2013;Wu, Zhang, Huang, Liang, & Wong, 2005;Xu et al, 2009;Yoo et al, 2013). There are some areas where mud diapirs or gas chimneys are well developed that have been explored, such as the Cascadia margin (Riedel et al, 2006;Schwalenberg, Willoughby, Mir, & Edwards, 2005), the Barents Sea (Rajan et al, 2013;Vadakkepuliyambatta, Hornbach, Bünz, & Phrampus, 2015), the Hikurangi continental margin, offshore New Zealand (Crutchley, Pecher, Gorman, Henrys, & Greinert, 2010;Fraser, Gorman, Pecher, Crutchley, & Henrys, 2016), the Joetsu Basin on the eastern margin of Japan (Freire, Matsumoto, & Santos, 2011;Matsumoto, Hiromatsu, & Sato, 2011), the Ulleung Basin in the East Sea of Korea (Horozal et al, 2009;Kang, Yoo, Yi, & Park, 2016;Yoo et al, 2013), and the Krishna-Godavari (KG) basins offshore India (Dewangan et al, 2010;Kumar et al, 2014;Riedel, Collett, Kumar, Sathe, & Cook, 2010). In addition, in these regions, various hydrocarbon migration and gas seepage systems, including active faults, mud diapirs, gas chimneys, pockmarks, and pipes, that are closely related to the migration and conduction of deep gas-bearing fluids, as well as the accumulation of petroleum and gas hydrate, have been documented and studied.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Distribution and characteristics of mud diapirs, gas chimneys, and bottom simulating reflectors associated with hydrocarbon migration and gas hydrate accumulation in the Qiongdongnan Basin, northern slope of the South China Sea

Zhang

Gong

et al. 2018

Geological Journal

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A comprehensive analysis on high‐resolution seismic data and the geological characteristics of the Qiongdongnan Basin (QDNB) in the northern South China Sea reveals multiple seismic evidence indicative of hydrocarbon migration and gas hydrate accumulation, including mud diapirs, gas chimneys, bottom simulating reflectors (BSRs), acoustic blanking, enhanced reflections, V‐AMP structures, elevated stacking velocity of sediments, and seafloor expressions. Mud diapirs and gas chimneys, which are characterized by acoustic turbidity, fuzziness, and blanking reflections on seismic profiles, with a diversity of structures and scales, are widespread and concentrated in the centres of sags and the transitional zones between sags and uplifts. Five BSR regions, with a total area of approximately 11,000 km2, have been delineated in the QDNB. They have high or medium‐high continuity amplitudes with overlying acoustic blanking on seismic profiles, indicating the occurrence of gas hydrate. Distinct fluid seepage phenomena are common below the BSRs, demonstrating that abundant free gas has migrated and accumulated beneath the gas hydrate. The distribution of BSRs and the developed zones of mud diapirs and gas chimneys presents a spatial superposition feature, and the BSRs are usually located on top of or within the structural highs of the mud diapirs and gas chimneys, indicating a close relationship between them. Mud diapirs, gas chimneys, and associated faults are efficient pathways for migrating hydrocarbons, through which the mature to highly mature thermogenic gas of the Palaeogene strata and the biogenic gas of the Neogene sediments migrate to the gas hydrate stability zones and form gas hydrate. Gas hydrate samples were recovered from the gas chimney area during the remote operated vehicle (ROV) investigation in deepwater QDNB in 2015. Based on the seismic interpretation and geochemical results, we propose two models of gas hydrate accumulation in the deepwater area of the QDNB: (a) near source biogenic gas hydrate with self‐generation and self‐accumulation, and (b) distal source thermogenic gas hydrate with lower generation and upper accumulation. We believe that the areas with a fine spatial coupling configuration between the mud diapirs, gas chimneys, and BSRs are favourable exploration targets for gas hydrate in the QDNB.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Distribution and characteristics of mud diapirs, gas chimneys, and bottom simulating reflectors associated with hydrocarbon migration and gas hydrate accumulation in the Qiongdongnan Basin, northern slope of the South China Sea

Zhang

Gong

et al. 2018

Geological Journal

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“…Gas chimneys worldwide differ in size, ranging from a few meters to a few kilometres in width, generally with circular or elliptical planforms (e.g. Hustoft et al, 2010; Liang et al, 2021), and have been classified into different types based on their top shapes, seismic facies and the corresponding seafloor topographies in previous studies (Chen et al, 2020; Horozal et al, 2017; Kang et al, 2016). Moreover, gas chimney occurrences are spatially associated with depositional/structural elements such as submarine canyons (Chen et al, 2020; Nakajima et al, 2014), slumping (Eng & Tsuji, 2019), diapir (Taylor et al, 2000), basement uplift (Liu et al, 2021), polygonal faults (Somoza et al, 2014) and deep‐seated faults (de Melo Goulart & de Castro, 2021).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Distribution and geological controls of the seabed fluid flow system, the central‐western Bohai Sea: A general overview

et al. 2022

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Thorough understanding of seabed fluid flow system is of great significance to geohazard identification and hydrocarbon exploration as it can reshape the seabed and act as an indicator of subsurface hydrocarbon resources. For the first time, an integrated study of side‐scan sonar, single‐ and multi‐channel seismic data and magnetic data reveals a complex fluid flow system composed of various seafloor expressions (i.e. pockmarks and mounds) and shallow fluid migration pathways in the central‐west Bohai Sea off northeast China. Gas chimneys, mud diapirs and a dense network of Quaternary faults are the main fluid migration pathways in the shallow subsurface. The gas chimneys can be classified into three categories (Type A formed by relatively rapid gas escape, Type B formed by episodic fluid expulsion and Type C formed by fluid escape from mud diapirs), based on their distribution and seismic character, implying variability in the formation processes. Sediment remobilization and basement‐involved faults contribute to deep fluid migration into shallow depths. As a seal for up‐moving fluids, the nature and thickness of Holocene marine sediments generally decide the permeability and overburden pressure that may control the distribution of pockmarks and mounds since they are almost distributed above relatively thin Holocene deposits (thickness <20 m) and localized coarse surface sediments. The results of the interpretation gain an improved understanding of the geological processes controlling the genesis and spatial distribution of gas chimney formation and show the significance of gas chimney classification. The distribution pattern of different types of gas chimneys may signify the difference of geological background and fluid flow process, like fluid migration through faults or flow of mobilized sediments, that is crucial for the evaluation of global petroleum systems and Carbon Capture and Storage studies.

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“…Excellent case studies on vast pipes provinces with recent or present-day upwards terminations (i.e. at the seafloor and/or in the shallow overburden) have been presented by Hustoft et al (2010), Moss and Cartwright (2010), Løseth et al (2011), Plaza-Faverola et al (2011), Kang et al (2016), Maia et al (2016) and Kramer et al (2017). Examples of deeply buried, large pipe provinces are more rarely observed (e.g.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Late Paleocene pipe swarm in the Great South – Canterbury Basin (New Zealand)

Bertoni

Gan

Paganoni

et al. 2019

Marine and Petroleum Geology

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We have identified a deeply buried fluid escape pipe province in Cretaceous-late Paleocene sediments of the Great South-Canterbury Basin (NZ). The seismic observations and interpretations point to an unusually vast fossil system of pipes. These features are exceptional in number (>2000 edifices) and appear to have formed from a common root zone. The areal extent of the analysed pipe system (2500 km 2) is among the largest systems of fluid expulsion features ever observed in three-dimensional seismic data. The unclustered distribution of the pipes suggests no specific link to faults or buried sedimentary features and, at their maximum vertical development, the pipes are equally distributed above depocentres or structural highs. The majority of pipes terminate at two discrete levels in the late Paleocene. Based on the geometrical relationship of the pipe edifices to the overburden, and the basinal setting of the hosting units, we interpret these horizons as representing the seabed at the time of pipe formation. This interpretation allows us to date the timing of pipe formation as prominently late Paleocene. We envisage that the pipes originated during discrete episodes of fluid venting in this time interval, disrupting the typical progressive basinal compaction-driven pore fluid expulsion. The pipes are associated with biogenic gas expulsion. We discuss their triggers, mechanical processes, and global significance for understanding fluid flow processes in sedimentary basins.

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Distribution and origin of seismic chimneys associated with gas hydrate using 2D multi-channel seismic reflection and well log data in the Ulleung Basin, East Sea

Cited by 15 publications

References 38 publications

Distribution and characteristics of mud diapirs, gas chimneys, and bottom simulating reflectors associated with hydrocarbon migration and gas hydrate accumulation in the Qiongdongnan Basin, northern slope of the South China Sea

Distribution and characteristics of mud diapirs, gas chimneys, and bottom simulating reflectors associated with hydrocarbon migration and gas hydrate accumulation in the Qiongdongnan Basin, northern slope of the South China Sea

Distribution and geological controls of the seabed fluid flow system, the central‐western Bohai Sea: A general overview

Late Paleocene pipe swarm in the Great South – Canterbury Basin (New Zealand)

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