Distribution and morphology of amphibian extra-adrenal chromaffin tissue

Hill, Caryl E.; Watanabe, Hiroshi; Burnstock, Geoffrey

doi:10.1007/bf00222046

Cited by 19 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…In the frog, Rana temporaria, no fluorescent adrenergic nerves were found terminating on the ganglion cell bodies or axons in the paravertebral sympathetic chain from the 7th to 10th ganglia (NORBERG and McISAAC, 1967). Similar observations of the absence of adrenergic endings have been reported in the 9th and 10th sympathetic ganglia of the toad, Bufo vulgaris japonica (HONMA, 1970a), the bullfrog, Rana catesbeiana (WEIGHT and WEITSEN, 1977) and the sympathetic chains of a frog, Limnodynastes dumerili (HILL et al, 1975a).…”

Section: Ultrastructuresupporting

confidence: 76%

“…Catecholamine-containing elements in light and fluorescence microscopy The GC cells have been observed in the sympathetic ganglia of a variety of anuran species (FUJIMOTO, 1967;PIEZZI and RODRIGUEZ ECHANDIA, 1968;HONMA, 1970a, b;JAcoBowITz, 1970;HILL et al, 1975a;WATANABE and BURNSTOCK, 1976b;WEIGHT and WEITSEN, 1977). These cells stain densely with toluidine blue thereby facilitating easy identification.…”

Section: Ultrastructurementioning

confidence: 99%

“…They are often located in close topographical relation to the blood vessels (FUJIMOTO, 1967;HILL et al, 1975a;WATANABE and BURNSTOCK, 1976b), or are among the ganglion cells.…”

Section: Ultrastructurementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Fluorescent microscopic studies have revealed that clusters of SIF cells are present in the anuran sympathetic ganglia and that they correspond to the chromaffin cells of light microscopy and the GC cells of electron microscopy (HONMA, 1970a;JAcoBowITz, 1970;WEITSEN and WEIGHT, 1973;HILL et al, 1975a;WEIGHT and WEITSEN, 1977). The SIF cells occur in variable number in all ganglia of the sympathetic chain.…”

Section: Ultrastructurementioning

confidence: 99%

“…The SIF cells occur in variable number in all ganglia of the sympathetic chain. They are more numerous in the 5th, 6th and 7th ganglia than in the 9th and 10th ganglia (HILL et al, 1975a). WEIGHT and WEITSEN (1977) demonstrated that small clusters of SIF cells are sparsely distributed in the 9th and 10th ganglia and that the SIF cells show positive chromaffin reaction in the bullfrog, Rana catesbeiana.…”

Section: Ultrastructurementioning

confidence: 99%

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Ultrastructure and Function of the Granule-Containing Cells in the Anuran Sympathetic Ganglia

Watanabe

1977

Arch. Histol. Jap., Arch. Histol. Jpn

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Section: Ultrastructuresupporting

confidence: 76%

Section: Ultrastructurementioning

confidence: 99%

“…They are often located in close topographical relation to the blood vessels (FUJIMOTO, 1967;HILL et al, 1975a;WATANABE and BURNSTOCK, 1976b), or are among the ganglion cells.…”

Section: Ultrastructurementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Ultrastructurementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Ultrastructurementioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

Ultrastructure and Function of the Granule-Containing Cells in the Anuran Sympathetic Ganglia

Watanabe

1977

Arch. Histol. Jap., Arch. Histol. Jpn

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Synaptic organization of amphibian sympathetic ganglia

Lascar

Eugène

Taxi

1996

Microsc. Res. Tech.

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The synaptic organization of the amphibian sympathetic ganglia was studied, especially in the last two abdominal paravertebral ganglia of the frog. These ganglia appear to form a monosynaptic relay, not containing interneurons. They consist of two systems working in parallel: the principal neurons, by far the most numerous, and a small number of chromaffin (i.e., SIF) cells, usually arranged in clusters. Each principal neuron is innervated by a preganglionic branch forming a set of cholinergic synapses which exhibit classical ultrastucture. The only peculiarity is the presence of a subsynaptic apparatus in a variable percentage of synaptic complexes. Electro‐physiological studies have demonstrated that synaptic transmission is due to ACh release and involves several postsynaptic potentials. Moreover, the principal neurons are of two types, B and C, whose preganglionic axons and their own axons have different conduction velocities. C neurons tend to be small in diameter, and B neurons are larger, but the size distribution of the two populations overlaps. More recently, it was demonstrated that these two neuronal systems have different immunocytochemical features. The C preganglionic fibers contain an LHRH‐like peptide, which is responsible for late synaptic events. The B preganglionic fibers contain CGRP, whose role has not yet been established. The principal neurons all contain adrenaline, but neuropeptide Y is also present in C neurons and could be a second transmitter at peripheral junctions. SP‐containing fibers also pass through the ganglia, but give rise to intraganglionic synapses only rarely, except in the celiac plexus. Galanin can coexist with neuropeptide Y in certain C neurons. Numerous principal neurons are immunoreactive for VIP. Chromaffin cells contain noradrenaline and metenkephalin, and some contain SP or LHRH; they are endocrine cells controlled by preganglionic fibers and can have a modulatory effect on principal neurons endowed with appropriate receptors. The accessibility of frog abdominal ganglia and the anatomical separation of B and C preganglionic fiber pathways provide interesting systems in which to carry out experimentation on the stability and specificity of synaptic contacts. After postganglionic axotomy, the majority of synapses disappear by disruption of synaptic contacts. There is a certain discrepancy between the recovery of synaptic transmission and the reappearance of morphologically identifiable synapses, suggesting that a certain amount of transmission is possible at contacts devoid of synaptic complexes. The selective deafferentation of B or C neurons showed that the subsynaptic apparati are mainly found at B neuron synapses. The course of reinnervation following selective deafferentation reveals the existence of different specificities at B and C synapses: C neurons are easily reinnervated by B preganglionic fibers, whereas C fibers appear fairly ineffective at reinnervating B neurons, even after a long interval. Attempts were made to reinnervate ganglionic neurons...

show abstract

Synaptic organization of amphibian sympathetic ganglia

Lascar

Eugène

Taxi

1996

Microsc. Res. Tech.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The synaptic organization of the amphibian sympathetic ganglia was studied, especially in the last two abdominal paravertebral ganglia of the frog. These ganglia appear to form a monosynaptic relay, not containing interneurons. They consist of two systems working in parallel: the principal neurons, by far the most numerous, and a small number of chromaffin (i.e., SIF) cells, usually arranged in clusters. Each principal neuron is innervated by a preganglionic branch forming a set of cholinergic synapses which exhibit classical ultrastructure. The only peculiarity is the presence of a subsynaptic apparatus in a variable percentage of synaptic complexes. Electrophysiological studies have demonstrated that synaptic transmission is due to ACh release and involves several postsynaptic potentials. Moreover, the principal neurons are of two types, B and C, whose preganglionic axons and their own axons have different conduction velocities. C neurons tend to be small in diameter, and B neurons are larger, but the size distribution of the two populations overlaps. More recently, it was demonstrated that these two neuronal systems have different immunocytochemical features. The C preganglionic fibers contain an LHRH-like peptide, which is responsible for late synaptic events. The B preganglionic fibers contain CGRP, whose role has not yet been established. The principal neurons all contain adrenaline, but neuropeptide Y is also present in C neurons and could be a second transmitter at peripheral junctions. SP-containing fibers also pass through the ganglia, but give rise to intraganglionic synapses only rarely, except in the celiac plexus. Galanin can coexist with neuropeptide Y in certain C neurons. Numerous principal neurons are immunoreactive for VIP. Chromaffin cells contain noradrenaline and metenkephalin, and some contain SP or LHRH; they are endocrine cells controlled by preganglionic fibers and can have a modulatory effect on principal neurons endowed with appropriate receptors. The accessibility of frog abdominal ganglia and the anatomical separation of B and C preganglionic fiber pathways provide interesting systems in which to carry out experimentation on the stability and specificity of synaptic contacts. After postganglionic axotomy, the majority of synapses disappear by disruption of synaptic contacts. There is a certain discrepancy between the recovery of synaptic transmission and the reappearance of morphologically identifiable synapses, suggesting that a certain amount of transmission is possible at contacts devoid of synaptic complexes. The selective deafferentation of B or C neurons showed that the subsynaptic apparati are mainly found at B neuron synapses. The course of reinnervation following selective deafferentation reveals the existence of different specificities at B and C synapses: C neurons are easily reinnervated by B preganglionic fibers, whereas C fibers appear fairly ineffective at reinnervating B neurons, even after a long interval. Attempts were made to reinnervate ganglionic neurons with som...

show abstract

Distribution and morphology of amphibian extra-adrenal chromaffin tissue

Cited by 19 publications

References 23 publications

Ultrastructure and Function of the Granule-Containing Cells in the Anuran Sympathetic Ganglia

Ultrastructure and Function of the Granule-Containing Cells in the Anuran Sympathetic Ganglia

Synaptic organization of amphibian sympathetic ganglia

Synaptic organization of amphibian sympathetic ganglia

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