Distribution and Molecular Characterization of Acinetobacter baumannii International Clone II Lineage in Japan

Abstract

Multidrug-resistant (MDR) spp. have been globally disseminated in association with the successful clonal lineage international clone II (IC II). Because the prevalence of MDR spp. in Japan remains very low, we characterized all spp. ( = 866) from 76 hospitals between October 2012 and March 2013 to describe the entire molecular epidemiology of spp. The most prevalent species was ( = 645; 74.5%), with IC II ( = 245) accounting for 28.3% of the total. Meropenem-resistant isolates accounted for 2.0% ( = 17) and carried IS ( = 10), ( = 4), or IS ( = 3). Multilocus sequence typing of 110 representative isolates revealed the considerable prevalence of domestic sequence types (STs). IC II isolates were divided into the domestic sequence type 469 (ST469) ( = 18) and the globally disseminated STs ST208 ( = 14) and ST219 ( = 4). ST469 isolates were susceptible to more antimicrobial agents, while ST208 and ST219 overproduced the intrinsic AmpC β-lactamase. IC II and some non-IC II STs (e.g., ST149 and ST246) were associated with fluoroquinolone resistance. This study revealed that carbapenem-susceptible IC II was moderately disseminated in Japan. The low prevalence of acquired carbapenemase genes and presence of domestic STs could contribute to the low prevalence of MDR A similar epidemiology might have appeared before the global dissemination of MDR epidemic lineages. In addition, fluoroquinolone resistance associated with IC II may provide insight into the significance of epidemic clones.

<p>Survey on Genetic Diversity, Biofilm Formation, and Detection of Colistin Resistance Genes in Clinical Isolates of <em>Acinetobacter baumannii</em></p>

“…The results of the first method reflected six diverse IC lineages (G1, G2, G4, G7, G10, and G15) among A. baumannii isolates, which G1 (IC II) with the rate of 52.8% was the most frequent group. The predominance of IC II was in good agreement with previous reports from Japan 52 and Brazil 53 that recognized the IC II as the most common clone in A. baumannii isolates. Meanwhile, the prevalence of IC I with 11.4% frequency rate was lower than the frequency rate (19%) stated by Bahador et al 54 in Tehran, Iran.…”

Molecular dissection of carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii circulating in Indian hospitals using Whole Genome Sequencing

“…The emergence of ICII clones in our study represents its global expansion, which has been observed all over the world[35]. The most active A. baumannii clonal lineage is ICII, which has been linked to multidrug resistance and nosocomial infections[36]. The global expansion of ICII may be primarily caused by a vast clonal spread of a recent ancestor, which could be driven more internationally, implying the likelihood of long-term outbreaks.…”

Current situation of carbapenem‐resistant Enterobacteriaceae and Acinetobacter in Japan and Southeast Asia

“…48 Today, the isolation rate of MDR (especially carbapenem-resistant) Acinetobacter is very high in countries around the world, with 50% in the United States, 57 50%-80% in Europe, 58 and 50%-90% in South and Southeast Asia. 35 Contrarily, the resistance rate in Japan is less than 5%, 59,60 which is a rare situation worldwide. Once the MDR Acinetobacter enters and colonizes in Japan, it is highly possible that it will fall into a state similar to that in other countries, and it is necessary to pay attention to the trend of detecting resistant bacteria.…”

“…61,62 Among them, CC92 B /CC2 P , which is the most common CC, has been found in various countries around the world, and includes strains with high drug resistance and strains that cause outbreaks. 60 Another major CC, CC109 B /CC1P, is also widely isolated F I G U R E 3 Diversity of carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae (CRE) isolated from Myanmar. Phylogenetic trees was drawn based on whole genome sequencing (WGS) of each CRE isolate.…”

“…Analysis of multi‐locus sequence typing (MLST) revealed that MDR Acinetobacter can be broadly classified into two types of clonal complex (CC) 61,62 . Among them, CC92 B /CC2 P , which is the most common CC, has been found in various countries around the world, and includes strains with high drug resistance and strains that cause outbreaks 60 . Another major CC, CC109 B /CC1P, is also widely isolated worldwide; however, unlike CC92 B /CC2 P , no strain with the carbapenemase gene bla oxa‐24 has been found, 61 instead possessing other carbapenemase genes, such as bla oxa‐23 , bla oxa‐58 , and bla VIM‐4 61 .…”