Distribution and hybridization between Culex pipiens and Culex quinquefasciatus (Diptera: Culicidae) in Argentina

Almirón, Walter Ricardo; Humeres, Silvia G; Gardenal, Cristina N.

doi:10.1590/s0074-02761995000400007

Cited by 30 publications

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“…This suggested that the border of an area with high levels of hybridization area is approaching the latitude of 33°S, in Brazil. Our findings are in accordance with the observations by Almirón et al (1995) and Humeres et al (1998), which indicated the presence of hybrids in the region of Argentina based on morphology of male genitalia, allele frequencies and experimental crosses. Those authors suggest latitudes between 33-35°S as a possible hybridization region.…”

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confidence: 93%

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Genetic-morphometric variation in Culex quinquefasciatus from Brazil and La Plata, Argentina

Morais

Moratore

Suesdek

et al. 2010

Mem. Inst. Oswaldo Cruz

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Variation among natural populations of Culex (Culex) Key words: Culex pipiens complex -Culex quinquefasciatus -clines -molecular identification -wing morphologyThe Culex (Culex) pipiens complex in the Americas is composed of two main species, Culex (Culex) quinquefasciatus Say, which is adapted to tropical zones and Cx. pipiens L., which is found in temperate zones. In intermediate areas, these two members can mate yielding hybrids and intermediate forms (Barr 1957), through the processes of gene flow and introgression (Humeres et al. 1998, McAbee et al. 2008, Kothera et al. 2009). Mosquitoes of the Cx. pipiens complex are potential vectors of filarid worms in tropical and subtropical areas (Bockarie et al. 2009) and diverse arboviruses, including West Nile virus (Apperson et al. 2004, Cook et al. 2006.Adult females and immature stages of the Cx. pipiens complex are morphologically similar. The differentiation of adult males can be made by analysis of genitalia, which includes measuring the DV/D ratio of the dorsal arms of the aedeagus in the phallosome, as reported by Sundararaman (1949). Because members of the Cx. pipiens complex have a broad geographical distribution, other phenotypical differences beyond those of the male genitalia can be found. For example, some wing characters can also been used for morphologic identification of mosquito species.Financial support: FAPESP (05/50225-2, 06/02622-5) SAM and CM contributed equally to this work (FAPESP 06/57272-9 and 07/1665-5, respectively The taxonomic keys compiled by Forattini (2002) compared wing morphology of adult females. In that report, the subcosta vein (Sc) was reported to bind with the costa vein (C) before the bifurcation of the radial 2+3 vein (R 2+3 ) in Cx. quinquefasciatus, whereas in Cx. pipiens, the Sc vein binds to vein C at the same point or beyond the R 2+3 bifurcation. To our knowledge, these findings have not been investigated in other geographically distant populations. Linam and Nielsen (1962) reported that Bekku (1956), in Northern Japan, also attempted to use wing characteristics [the length of radial cell R 2 (second marginal cell) divided by the length of vein R 3 ] to distinguish adults of the pipiens group. The results of Bekku (1956) were inconclusive, which was later explained when Kamura (1958) found that these particular wing measurements varied with the temperature of the environment. Nielsen and Rees (1961) and Linam and Nielsen (1962) reported that the most reliable method of separating females of Cx. pipiens and Cx. quinquefasciatus was by a wing measurement value obtained by dividing the length of the cell R 2 by the length of the vein R 2+3 (R 2 /R 2+3 ratio). These authors reported the value of this ratio to be about 5.0 in Cx. pipiens and 3.0 or less in Cx. quinquefasciatus, with intermediate values present in the hybrids. However, these studies did not evaluate morphometric data among mosquito populations and climatic/geographic gradients.In insects, the phenotypic variations among members of species complexes have...

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confidence: 93%

“…A possible barrier to gene flow between Q and H would be the geographic distribution of Cx. pipiens, which appears to be climatically constrained to south of 33 o S, according to Almirón et al (1995) and Humeres et al (1998).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genetic-morphometric variation in Culex quinquefasciatus from Brazil and La Plata, Argentina

Morais

Moratore

Suesdek

et al. 2010

Mem. Inst. Oswaldo Cruz

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“…pipiens forms were differentiated according to the urbanisation type; e.g., in Italy, molestus (urban) and pipiens (rural). Although an overlapping region between the members of the complex was found in Argentina (Almirón et al 1995), the effect of urbanisation on the geographic distribution of the complex remains unstudied.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tire-breeding mosquitoes of public health importance along an urbanisation gradient in Buenos Aires, Argentina

Rubio

Cardo

Vezzani

2011

Mem. Inst. Oswaldo Cruz

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Used vehicle tires are a source of mosquito vectors and a means of their introduction and expansion. With the aim of assessing the effects of urbanisation on the main mosquito vectors in temperate Argentina, the infestation levels of Aedes aegypti (L.) and Culex pipiens L. were studied in used tires from highly urbanised cities to low-urbanised small towns in Buenos Aires. Immatures of both species accounted for 96% of the 9,722 individuals collected; the total individuals collected represented seven species. The percentage of water-filled tires containing mosquitoes [container index (CI)] was 33% and the percentage of infested sites [site index (SI)] was 65.2%. These indexes decreased significantly from low to high urbanisation levels for both mosquito species. The relative abundance (RA) of Ae. aegypti immatures was slightly higher toward large cities, but showed no difference for Cx. pipiens. The CI of shaded tires was significantly higher than the CI of exposed tires for both mosquito species. There was no difference in RA values between shaded and sunlit tires. The CI and the SI were highest during the summer across the urbanisation levels, except for Cx. pipiens, which continued to increase during the autumn in small towns. Results related to urbanisation gradient, sunlit exposure and seasonality are discussed

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“…Hybrids of quinquefasciatus/pipiens occur in Uruguay and central Argentina, whilst Cx. pipiens occupies regions southward into Argentina 4,30 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Low genetic diversity in Wolbachia-Infected Culex quinquefasciatus (Diptera: Culicidae) from Brazil and Argentina

Morais

Almeida

Suesdek

et al. 2012

Rev. Inst. Med. trop. S. Paulo

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SUMMARYCulex quinquefasciatus is a vector of human pathogens, including filarial nematodes and several viruses. Although its epidemiological relevance is known to vary across geographical regions, an understanding of its population genetic structure is still incipient. In light of this, we evaluated the genetic diversity of Cx. quinquefasciatus and Cx. pipiens x Cx. quinquefasciatus hybrids collected from nine localities in Brazil and one site in Argentina. We used mitochondrial genes cox1 and nd4, along with the coxA and wsp genes of the maternally-inherited Wolbachia endosymbiont. The nd4 fragment was invariant between samples, whilst cox1 exhibited four haplotypes that separated two types of Cx. quinquefasciatus, one clustered in southern Brazil. Low sequence diversity was generally observed, being discussed. Both Brazilian and Argentinian mosquitoes were infected with a single Wolbachia strain. As reported in previous studies with these populations, cox1 and nd4 diversity is not congruent with the population structure revealed by nuclear markers or alar morphology. Future Cx. quinquefasciatus research should, if possible, evaluate mtDNA diversity in light of other markers.

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Distribution and hybridization between Culex pipiens and Culex quinquefasciatus (Diptera: Culicidae) in Argentina

Cited by 30 publications

References 0 publications

Genetic-morphometric variation in Culex quinquefasciatus from Brazil and La Plata, Argentina

Genetic-morphometric variation in Culex quinquefasciatus from Brazil and La Plata, Argentina

Tire-breeding mosquitoes of public health importance along an urbanisation gradient in Buenos Aires, Argentina

Low genetic diversity in Wolbachia-Infected Culex quinquefasciatus (Diptera: Culicidae) from Brazil and Argentina

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