Distribution and expression of the cyanate acquisition potential among cyanobacterial populations in oligotrophic marine waters

Kamennaya, Nina A.; Post, Anton F.

doi:10.4319/lo.2013.58.6.1959

Cited by 25 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 56 publications

(118 reference statements)

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“…OCN − N uptake rates at the surface and Chl a maximum in the coastal ETSP were an order of magnitude lower (0.1 ± 0.1 nmol L −1 h −1 , n = 29, one cruise) than those observed in the coastal North Atlantic Ocean (1.3 ± 1.9 nmol L −1 h −1 , n = 135, four cruises; Widner and Mulholland ). In both studies, OCN − uptake was usually a small fraction of total N uptake; however, in the oligotrophic North Atlantic, OCN − N was up to 10% of total N uptake (Widner et al ) suggesting that OCN − may be a quantitatively more important source of N in oligotrophic systems than in nutrient‐rich coastal upwelling systems (Kamennaya and Post ). Sta.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Cyanate distribution and uptake above and within the Eastern Tropical South Pacific oxygen deficient zone

Widner

Mordy

Mulholland

2017

Limnology & Oceanography

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Cyanate is a simple reduced nitrogen (N) compound that can be a source of N and carbon (C) for marine organisms and may also be a substrate for dissimilatory N processes such as nitrification and anammox. We measured cyanate distributions and cyanate and urea uptake in the Eastern Tropical South Pacific, a region defined by coastal upwelling, high primary productivity, a shallow oxic layer, and rapid N loss from a large oxygen deficient zone (ODZ). Cyanate concentrations ranged from below the limit of detection (0.4 nM) to 45 nM in the oxic upper water column. Below the oxycline, cyanate concentrations were largely below detection except for small cyanate peaks (2–8.3 nM) within the core of the ODZ at some stations. The majority of N taken up in the shallow oxic layer was from ammonium and urea (78% ± 8%); cyanate uptake was < 2% of these. Uptake of cyanate fluctuated diurnally with the highest rates of cyanate N uptake in the early afternoon. In the ODZ, rates of cyanate, urea, and ammonium uptake were similar to each other (0.1–14 nmol N L−1 d−1) and to previously reported rates of 29N2 production supported by cyanate and ammonium (3–14 nmol N2 L−1 d−1). This suggests a role for cyanate in the metabolism of anaerobic microbes and a potential role for cyanate in the anammox reaction (cyanammox). To our knowledge, these represent the first rates of N uptake in a marine anoxic water column.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Cyanate distribution and uptake above and within the Eastern Tropical South Pacific oxygen deficient zone

Widner

Mordy

Mulholland

2017

Limnology & Oceanography

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“…Cyanate N uptake was significantly greater during the late spring/early summer cruises when the water column was generally more stratified and mixed layer

{N O}_{3}^{-}

{N O}_{2}^{-}

concentrations were significantly lower than in November (Table ). Cyanobacteria, which are known to utilize cyanate (Palenik et al ; Rocap et al ; Kamennaya and Post ), and picoeukaryotes comprise a large fraction of the phytoplankton community during late summer (Townsend et al ; Pan et al ), and regenerated N compounds typically fuel productivity at this time of year when the water column is stratified (Lalli and Parsons ). During November, cyanate N uptake rates were lower and oxidized N (

{N O}_{3}^{-}

{N O}_{2}^{-}

) concentrations were higher (2.8 ± 1.8 μ M).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…CynS and genes encoding a cyanate-specific ABC-type transporter (cynABD) have been identified in cultured strains of marine cyanobacteria in the genera Prochlorococcus and Synechococcus (Palenik et al 2003;Rocap et al 2003). These genes have also been identified in natural cyanobacterial populations from diverse geographical regions including the Red Sea, Southern Ocean, Mediterranean Sea, Indian Ocean (Kamennaya and Post 2013), and temperate North Pacific Ocean (A. Post pers.…”

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confidence: 99%

Cyanate distribution and uptake in North Atlantic coastal waters

Widner

Mulholland

2017

Limnology & Oceanography

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Cyanate (OCN−) is a reduced nitrogen compound that may be a source of nitrogen and carbon for marine phytoplankton. Cyanate is produced photochemically and through organic matter degradation but its distribution in marine systems is poorly defined because, until recently, there was no method to measure its concentration in marine environments. Here, we report results from the first regional oceanographic survey of cyanate distributions and uptake. Cyanate concentrations ranged from below detection (0.4 nM) to 11 nM in the coastal North Atlantic Ocean along the North American continental shelf and were slightly higher in nearshore surface waters than offshore surface waters. Subsurface cyanate maxima were observed at many stations suggesting a nonconservative distribution. Subsurface cyanate peak concentrations were tightly correlated with chlorophyll a concentrations integrated throughout the water column (R2 = 0.79). Cyanate N and C uptake were measurable in all regions and seasons sampled. Cyanate N uptake was significantly higher than cyanate C uptake for all cruises (1.3 ± 1.9 nmol L−1 h−1 and 0.4 ± 0.6 nmol L−1 h−1 for N and C, respectively). However, cyanate N uptake was significantly lower in November than in June and August, and cyanate C uptake was significantly higher in November than during June and August. Spatial trends in cyanate distribution and uptake, along with the correlation between depth‐integrated Chl a concentrations and cyanate maxima, suggest that cyanate is taken up in the euphotic zone and is likely produced by degradation of phytoplankton‐derived organic matter in subsurface waters.

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“…Although there are no reports of the use of extracellular cyanate by eukaryotic algae, its uptake has been associated with the presence of specific transporters of the major facilitator superfamily (MFS) in Escherichia coli (Sung and Fuchs ) or ATP binding cassette ABC‐type transporters (cynABD) in a limited number of cyanobacterial strains (Espie et al. , Kamennaya and Post ).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Similarly, cyanase transcripts have been detected in the transcriptome of the pelagophyte Aureococcus anophagefferens, suggesting that cyanate, a metabolic by-product of the decomposition of either urea or carbamoyl-phosphate, might represent a potential source of N for this microalga (Wurch et al 2011). Although there are no reports of the use of extracellular cyanate by eukaryotic algae, its uptake has been associated with the presence of specific transporters of the major facilitator superfamily (MFS) in Escherichia coli (Sung and Fuchs 1988) or ATP binding cassette ABC-type transporters (cynABD) in a limited number of cyanobacterial strains (Espie et al 2007, Kamennaya andPost 2013).…”

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confidence: 99%

Diversity of nitrogen assimilation pathways among microbial photosynthetic eukaryotes

Terrado

Monier

Edgar

et al. 2015

Journal of Phycology

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In an effort to better understand the diversity of genes coding for nitrogen (N) uptake and assimilation pathways among microalgae, we analyzed the transcriptomes of five phylogenetically diverse single celled algae originally isolated from the same high arctic marine region. The five photosynthetic flagellates (a pelagophyte, dictyochophyte, chrysoph-yte, cryptophyte and haptophyte) were grown on standard media and media with only urea or nitrate as a nitrogen source; cells were harvested during late exponential growth. Based on homolog protein sequences, transcriptomes of each alga were interrogated to retrieve genes potentially associated with nitrogen uptake and utilization pathways. We further investigated the phylogeny of poorly characterized genes and gene families that were identified. While the phylogeny of the active urea transporter (DUR3) was taxonomically coherent, those for the urea transporter superfamily, putative nitrilases and amidases indicated complex evolutionary histories, and preliminary evidence for horizontal gene transfers. All five algae expressed genes for ammonium assimilation and all but the chrysophyte expressed genes involved in nitrate utilization and the urea cycle. Among the four algae with nitrate transporter transcripts, we detected lower expression levels in three of these (the dictyochophyte, pelagophyte, and cryptophyte) grown in the urea only medium compared with cultures from the nitrate only media. The diversity of N pathway genes in the five algae, and their ability to grow using urea as a nitrogen source, suggest that these flagellates are able to use a variety of organic nitrogen sources, which would be an advantage in an inorganic nitrogen - limited environment, such as the Arctic Ocean.

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Distribution and expression of the cyanate acquisition potential among cyanobacterial populations in oligotrophic marine waters

Cited by 25 publications

References 56 publications

Cyanate distribution and uptake above and within the Eastern Tropical South Pacific oxygen deficient zone

Cyanate distribution and uptake above and within the Eastern Tropical South Pacific oxygen deficient zone

Cyanate distribution and uptake in North Atlantic coastal waters

Diversity of nitrogen assimilation pathways among microbial photosynthetic eukaryotes

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