Distribution and expression levels of somatostatin and somatostatin receptors in the ileum of normal and acutely Schistosoma mansoni‐infected SSTR2 knockout/lacZ knockin mice

Bosch, J.; Lantermann, K.; Torfs, P.; Marck, Eric Van; Nassauw, Luc Van; Timmermans, Jean‐Pierre

doi:10.1111/j.1365-2982.2008.01088.x

Cited by 16 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…The findings with respect to anterior pituitary, pancreas, and adrenal tissue are in line with previous findings obtained with polyclonal antibodies or by mRNA analysis [4,21,26,27,28]. The presence of sst 3 in enteric ganglion cells and mast cells (identified by double-labeling experiments showing the presence of mast cell protease-1 in these cells) has been recently demonstrated also by immunohistochemical investigations in the ileum of mice [29,30]. …”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 77%

Reassessment of sst3 Somatostatin Receptor Expression in Human Normal and Neoplastic Tissues Using the Novel Rabbit Monoclonal Antibody UMB-5

Lupp

Nagel²,

Doll³

et al. 2012

Neuroendocrinology

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Background: Among the five somatostatin receptors (sst₁-sst₅), the sst₃ receptor displays a distinct pharmacological profile. Like sst₂, the sst₃ receptor efficiently internalizes radiolabeled somatostatin analogs. Unlike sst₂, however, internalized sst₃ receptors are rapidly transferred to lysosomes for degradation. Apart from this, very little is known about the clinical relevance of the sst₃ receptor, which may in part be due to the lack of specific monoclonal sst₃ antibodies. Methods: Here, we have extensively characterized the novel rabbit monoclonal anti-human sst₃ antibody UMB-5 using transfected cells and receptor-expressing tissues. UMB-5 was then subjected to immunohistochemical staining of a series of 190 formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded normal and neoplastic human tissues. Results: Specificity of UMB-5 was demonstrated by detection of a broad band migrating at a molecular weight of 70,000–85,000 in immunoblots from human pituitary. After enzymatic deglycosylation, the size of this band decreased to a molecular weight of 45,000. Tissue immunostaining was completely abolished by pre-adsorption of UMB-5 with its immunizing peptide. In addition, UMB-5 detected distinct cell populations in human tissues like pancreatic islands, anterior pituitary, adrenal cortex, adrenal medulla, and enteric ganglia, similar to that seen with a rabbit polyclonal antibody generated against a different carboxyl-terminal epitope of the sst₃ receptor. In a comparative immunohistochemical study, UMB-5 yielded predominant plasma membrane staining in the majority of pituitary adenomas, pheochromocytomas, and a subset of neuroendocrine tumors. The sst₃ receptor was also present in many glioblastomas, pancreatic, breast, cervix, and ovarian carcinomas. Conclusion: The rabbit monoclonal antibody UMB-5 may prove of great value in the identification of sst₃-expressing tumors during routine histopathological examinations. Given its unique trafficking properties, these tumors may be potential candidates for sst₃-directed receptor radiotherapy.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 77%

Reassessment of sst3 Somatostatin Receptor Expression in Human Normal and Neoplastic Tissues Using the Novel Rabbit Monoclonal Antibody UMB-5

Lupp

Nagel²,

Doll³

et al. 2012

Neuroendocrinology

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“…The proportion of neurons showing somatostatin immunoreactivity (30%) is similar to that determined previously (32%; Van Op Den Bosch et al 2008). The proportion of submucosal neurons with TH immunoreactivity (20%) is slightly larger than the 13% found in a previous study in which the CD-1 mouse strain was used (Li et al 2004).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 54%

“…This is important to determine, especially as there is evidence that not all nerve cells with TH synthesise catecholamines and that some neurons with TH in their cell bodies do not have TH in their terminals (Kummer et al 1990;Weihe et al 2005;Hoard et al 2008). Only rarely is quantitative information available on the numbers of submucosal nerve cells that are defined by particular neurochemical markers in the mouse (Young and Ciampoli 1998;Li et al 2004;Van Op Den Bosch et al 2008). Thus, significant deficiencies exist in our knowledge of which neurons are present, of how populations that have been described relate to each other, and of the possible functional identities of the different classes of submucosal neurons.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Identification of neuron types in the submucosal ganglia of the mouse ileum

et al. 2009

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The continuing and even expanding use of genetically modified mice to investigate the normal physiology and development of the enteric nervous system and for the study of pathophysiology in mouse models emphasises the need to identify all the neuron types and their functional roles in mice. An investigation that chemically and morphologically defined all the major neuron types with cell bodies in myenteric ganglia of the mouse small intestine was recently completed. The present study was aimed at the submucosal ganglia, with the purpose of similarly identifying the major neuron types with cell bodies in these ganglia. We found that the submucosal neurons could be divided into three major groups: neurons with vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) immunoreactivity (51% of neurons), neurons with choline acetyltransferase (ChAT) immunoreactivity (41% of neurons) and neurons that expressed neither of these markers. Most VIP neurons contained neuropeptide Y (NPY) and about 40% were immunoreactive for tyrosine hydroxylase (TH); 22% of all submucosal neurons were TH/VIP. VIP-immunoreactive nerve terminals in the mucosa were weakly immunoreactive for TH but separate populations of TH- and VIP-immunoreactive axons innervated the arterioles in the submucosa. Of the ChAT neurons, about half were immunoreactive for both somatostatin and calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP). Calretinin immunoreactivity occurred in over 90% of neurons, including the VIP neurons. The submucosal ganglia and submucosal arterioles were innervated by sympathetic noradrenergic neurons that were immunoreactive for TH and NPY; no VIP and few calretinin fibres innervated submucosal neurons. We conclude that the submucosal ganglia contain cell bodies of VIP/NPY/TH/calretinin non-cholinergic secretomotor neurons, VIP/NPY/calretinin vasodilator neurons, ChAT/CGRP/somatostatin/calretinin cholinergic secretomotor neurons and small populations of cholinergic and non-cholinergic neurons whose targets have yet to be identified. No evidence for the presence of type-II putative intrinsic primary afferent neurons was found.

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“…All somatostatin-immunoreactive neurons are also ChAT-immunoreactive (De Jonge et al 2003b). A recent study by this group has estimated the size of this population to be 4% of myenteric neurons (Van Op Den Bosch et al 2008). …”

Section: Somatostatin Neuronsmentioning

confidence: 97%

Immunohistochemical analysis of neuron types in the mouse small intestine

et al. 2008

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The definition of the nerve cell types of the myenteric plexus of the mouse small intestine has become important, as more researchers turn to the use of mice with genetic mutations to analyze roles of specific genes and their products in enteric nervous system function and to investigate animal models of disease. We have used a suite of antibodies to define neurons by their shapes, sizes, and neurochemistry in the myenteric plexus. Anti-Hu antibodies were used to reveal all nerve cells, and the major subpopulations were defined in relation to the Hu-positive neurons. Morphological Type II neurons, revealed by anti-neurofilament and anti-calcitonin gene-related peptide antibodies, represented 26% of neurons. The axons of the Type II neurons projected through the circular muscle and submucosa to the mucosa. The cell bodies were immunoreactive for choline acetyltransferase (ChAT), and their terminals were immunoreactive for vesicular acetylcholine transporter (VAChT). Nitric oxide synthase (NOS) occurred in 29% of nerve cells. Most were also immunoreactive for vasoactive intestinal peptide, but they were not tachykinin (TK)-immunoreactive, and only 10% were ChAT-immunoreactive. Numerous NOS terminals occurred in the circular muscle. We deduced that 90% of NOS neurons were inhibitory motor neurons to the muscle (26% of all neurons) and 10% (3% of all neurons) were interneurons. Calretinin immunoreactivity was found in a high proportion of neurons (52%). Many of these had TK immunoreactivity. Small calretinin neurons were identified as excitatory neurons to the longitudinal muscle (about 20% of neurons, with ChAT/calretinin/+/- TK chemical coding). Excitatory neurons to the circular muscle (about 10% of neurons) had the same coding. Calretinin immunoreactivity also occurred in a proportion of Type II neurons. Thus, over 90% of neurons in the myenteric plexus of the mouse small intestine can be currently identified by their neurochemistry and shape.

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Distribution and expression levels of somatostatin and somatostatin receptors in the ileum of normal and acutely Schistosoma mansoni‐infected SSTR2 knockout/lacZ knockin mice

Cited by 16 publications

References 32 publications

Reassessment of sst<sub>3</sub> Somatostatin Receptor Expression in Human Normal and Neoplastic Tissues Using the Novel Rabbit Monoclonal Antibody UMB-5

Reassessment of sst<sub>3</sub> Somatostatin Receptor Expression in Human Normal and Neoplastic Tissues Using the Novel Rabbit Monoclonal Antibody UMB-5

Identification of neuron types in the submucosal ganglia of the mouse ileum

Immunohistochemical analysis of neuron types in the mouse small intestine

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