Distribution and ecology of polar cod (Boreogadus saida) in the eastern Barents Sea: A review of historical literature

Aune, Magnus; Расхожева, Е. В.; Andrade, Hector; Augustine, Starrlight; Bambulyak, Alexei; Camus, Lionel; Carroll, JoLynn; Dolgov, Andrey V.; Hop, Haakon; Моисеев, Д. В.; Renaud, Paul E.; Varpe, Øystein

doi:10.1016/j.marenvres.2021.105262

Cited by 35 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 65 publications

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“…Polar cod is one of the 21 commercially targeted species in the Barents Sea although its economic importance has been relatively low. In the last years, Russia was harvesting this species at very low levels (Popov and Zeller 2018;Wienerroither et al 2011) and nowadays it is not directly targeted (Aune et al 2021) although taken as by-catch in the shrimp fishery (Jacques et al 2019). However, in the light of climate change, the facilitated access to Arctic waters due to the ice retreat might lead to increased exploitation of polar cod, either as a target species or as bycatch in pelagic fisheries and bottom trawling (Christiansen et al 2014).…”

Section: Management Implicationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A recent study applying a coupled ocean-sea ice and particle tracking model in Svalbard waters reported that particles released in the western fjords were mostly retained in the fjords and suggested that spawning in Svalbard area probably occurs on the southern and eastern sides and later in the south-eastern Barents Sea (Eriksen et al 2020). However, the revision of Russian historical data combined with literature published in English reported particularly large abundance of polar cod in the eastern Barents Sea and adjacent waters and revealed crucial knowledge gaps including the uncertainty as to what degree the species is dependent on sea ice, its genetic structure or the distribution of the age 0-group in the NE Barents Sea (Aune 2021).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Distinct genetic clustering in the weakly differentiated polar cod, Boreogadus saida Lepechin, 1774 from East Siberian Sea to Svalbard

et al. 2021

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The cold-adapted polar cod Boreogadus saida, a key species in Arctic ecosystems, is vulnerable to global warming and ice retreat. In this study, 1257 individuals sampled in 17 locations within the latitudinal range of 75–81°N from Svalbard to East Siberian Sea were genotyped with a dedicated suite of 116 single-nucleotide polymorphic loci (SNP). The overall pattern of isolation by distance (IBD) found was driven by the two easternmost samples (East Siberian Sea and Laptev Sea), whereas no differentiation was registered in the area between the Kara Sea and Svalbard. Eleven SNP under strong linkage disequilibrium, nine of which could be annotated to chromosome 2 in Atlantic cod, defined two genetic groups of distinct size, with the major cluster containing seven-fold larger number of individuals than the minor. No underlying geographic basis was evident, as both clusters were detected throughout all sampling sites in relatively similar proportions (i.e. individuals in the minor cluster ranging between 4 and 19% on the location basis). Similarly, females and males were also evenly distributed between clusters and age groups. A differentiation was, however, found regarding size at age: individuals belonging to the major cluster were significantly longer in the second year. This study contributes to increasing the population genetic knowledge of this species and suggests that an appropriate management should be ensured to safeguard its diversity.

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Section: Management Implicationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Distinct genetic clustering in the weakly differentiated polar cod, Boreogadus saida Lepechin, 1774 from East Siberian Sea to Svalbard

et al. 2021

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“…The polar cod, on the other hand, may be able to alternate particulate suction feeding and pump filter feeding to optimize energy intake in the presence of small prey. This feeding plasticity is supported also by diet studies that show a broad spectrum of pelagic and benthic prey of different size (Orlova et al 2009;Christiansen et al 2012;Renaud et al 2012;Hop and Gjøsaeter 2013;Aune et al 2021). Such a shift in the feeding mode may be ontogenetic but is also affected by prey density and prey size (Lazzaro 1987).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 78%

“…They show comparable biological and ecological adaptations, and currently occupy a similar position in their respective food webs. Their abundance and distribution affect the food-web structure, and any fluctuation of those parameters might lead to alternative pathways of energy flow, with repercussions for the whole ecosystem (Bradstreet et al 1986;Murphy et al 2016;Aune et al 2021).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Midtrophic fish feeding modes at the poles: an ecomorphological comparison of polar cod (Boreogadus saida) and Antarctic silverfish (Pleuragramma antarctica)

et al. 2021

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The polar cod (Boreogadus saida) and the Antarctic silverfish (Pleuragramma antarctica) are pelagic fish endemic to the Arctic and Antarctica sea, respectively. Both species are abundant and play a central role as midtrophic wasp-waist species in polar ecosystems. Due to their biological and ecological characteristics (small size, complex life histories, relatively short generation cycles, movement capability, planktivorous diet, and importance as prey), the polar cod and the Antarctic silverfish are potentially good sentinels of ecosystem change. Changes in polar zooplankton communities are well documented. How changes impact ecosystems as a whole largely depend on the degree of diet specialization and feeding flexibility of midtrophic species. Here, we provide the ecomorphological characterization of polar cod and Antarctic silverfish feeding performances. A comparative functional ecology approach, based on the analysis of morpho-anatomical traits, including calculation of suction index and mechanical advantage in jaw closing, was applied to profile the feeding modes and flexibility of the two species. Ecomorphological evidence supports differences in food acquisition: the polar cod appears able to alternate particulate ram-suction feeding to a pump filter feeding, and the Antarctic silverfish results be both a particulate ram and a tow-net filter feeder. Both species exhibit opportunistic feeding strategies and appear able to switch feeding mode according to the abundance and size of the available prey, which is a clue of potential resilience to a changing environment.

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“…Both are located in the Barents Sea region: one is offshore the southeastern Spitsbergen, the other is to the southeast, i.e. the Pechora Sea (Ponomarenko 1968;Pechenik et al 1973;Ajiad et al 2011;Oganin and Borkin 2013;Eriksen et al 2020;Aune et al 2021). In some years, the latter spawning area expands eastwards into the adjacent waters of the Kara Sea: into Kara Bay (Probatov 1934;Moskalenko 1964) and into the bays in the southeast of Novaya Zemlya (Ponomarenko 1968;Borkin 1990;Oganin and Borkin 2013).…”

Section: Severnaya Zemlya -Spawning Area Of the Polar Codmentioning

confidence: 99%

Notes on the fishes of the Severnaya Zemlya archipelago and the spawning area of polar cod Boreogadus saida (Gadidae)

et al. 2021

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Data on the fishes of the high-latitude Severnaya Zemlya archipelago (the North Land) is presented. The archipelago is located in the Arctic on the border between the Kara Sea and the Laptev Sea. The ichthyofauna of the archipelago has not been studied; therefore, even small collections are of interest. Fish samples were obtained during the expedition “Open Ocean: Arctic Archipelagos – 2019: Severnaya Zemlya”. In addition, the samples from this area in the collections of the Zoological Institute (ZIN) were studied, which have been received from polar expeditions to the Kara and Laptev seas during the entire era of polar research. The most significant fact is the discovery of mass accumulation of polar cod Boreogadus saida (Lepechin, 1774) larvae in Mikoyan Bay (Bolshevik Island), which gives evidence of important spawning grounds near Severnaya Zemlya. Indirect evidence of this can be found in the publications of polar explorers who overwintered on Severnaya Zemlya in the 1930s–1950s and have reported that the polar cod approaches the shores for spawning in August, in huge schools. The waters of Severnaya Zemlya represent the spawning area of polar cod in the central part of the Eurasian shelf, which is not mentioned in current literature. In addition to polar cod, a few more species are registered in samples from the coastal waters of the archipelago (depths to 38 m), rough hookear sculpin Artediellus scaber Knipowitsch, 1907, twohorn sculpin Icelus bicornis (Reinhardt, 1840) (family Cottidae), Liparis tunicatus Reinhardt, 1836, black-bellied snailfish L. cf. fabricii (Liparidae), Knipowich eelpout Gymnelus knipowitschi Chernova, 1999 (Zoarcidae) and three-spined stickleback Gasterosteus aculeatus (Linnaeus, 1758) (Gasterosteidae). In the deepwater straits, snailfish Careproctus sp. (174–234 m) and pale eelpout Lycodes pallidus Collett, 1879 (105–348 m) were found. The Arctic charr Salvelinus alpinus (Linnaeus, 1758) (Salmonidae) inhabits some lakes of the archipelago. This is the first finding of a three-spined stickleback in the east of the Kara Sea.

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Distribution and ecology of polar cod (Boreogadus saida) in the eastern Barents Sea: A review of historical literature

Cited by 35 publications

References 65 publications

Distinct genetic clustering in the weakly differentiated polar cod, Boreogadus saida Lepechin, 1774 from East Siberian Sea to Svalbard

Distinct genetic clustering in the weakly differentiated polar cod, Boreogadus saida Lepechin, 1774 from East Siberian Sea to Svalbard

Midtrophic fish feeding modes at the poles: an ecomorphological comparison of polar cod (Boreogadus saida) and Antarctic silverfish (Pleuragramma antarctica)

Notes on the fishes of the Severnaya Zemlya archipelago and the spawning area of polar cod Boreogadus saida (Gadidae)

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