Distribution and Development of Brown Adipocytes in the Murine and Human Adipose Organ

Frontini, Andrea; Cinti, Saverio

doi:10.1016/j.cmet.2010.03.004

Cited by 398 publications

(328 citation statements)

References 24 publications

(26 reference statements)

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“…First, BAT is present and metabolically active in adults [43,44] and is overactive in suicides associated with a depressive episode [45]. Second, once BAT has become metabolically active through temperature changes, it is more resistant to becoming quiescent [46] and may thereby contribute to the risk of suicide over a prolonged period.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Temperature-associated suicide mortality: contrasting roles of climatic warming and the suicide prevention program in Finland

Helama

Holopainen

Partonen

2013

Environ Health Prev Med

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Objectives Suicide is a notable cause of death worldwide, and while suicidal behavior appears to be associated with variations in temperature, no estimations are available of climate change impacts on suicide rates. The study aims to evaluate the influence of temperature on suicide mortality, especially on multi-decadal and longer time scales, that is, at scales on which the ongoing warming distinctly operates and is correspondingly appropriate for the current policy responses to warming climate. Methods Our results are based on an extraordinarily long record of deaths from suicide in Finland from 1751 to 2008, and a similarly long climatic record of ambient temperatures correlative of environmental change in the study region.Results We show that temperature variability explains more than 60 % of the total suicide variance up until the initiation of a national suicide prevention program. Despite ongoing warming, suicide rates have declined since the initiation of the program. Conclusion By understanding the complexity of suicidal behavior as a response to ambient warming and the observed effects of interventions, our results underline the pressing need for a network of prevention programs to battle against temperature-mediated health hazards.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Temperature-associated suicide mortality: contrasting roles of climatic warming and the suicide prevention program in Finland

Helama

Holopainen

Partonen

2013

Environ Health Prev Med

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“…Accordingly, previous reports have demonstrated that mRNA expression of inflammatory genes was unaltered in buffalo humps in HIV-infected patients, 28 and expression of inflammatory genes was significantly lower in dorsocervical versus abdominal scAT in HIV-infected patients with lipodystrophy. 37 Recent studies have provided evidence for the presence of brown adipocytes in cervical fat from adult control subjects, characterized by numerous mitochondria expressing UCP1 (reviewed in Fontini and Cinti 38 ). In dorsocervical fat or buffalo humps in HIV-infected patients, conflicting results have been reported insofar as mtDNA content and UCP1 mRNA expression.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

LMNA Mutations Induce a Non-Inflammatory Fibrosis and a Brown Fat-Like Dystrophy of Enlarged Cervical Adipose Tissue

Béréziat

Cervera

Dour

et al. 2011

The American Journal of Pathology

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“…White and brown adipocytes display distinctive features by transmission electron microscopy (1,2,3). White adipocytes contain a single large lipid droplet occupying about 90% of the cell volume.…”

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confidence: 99%

“…In experimental animals, gross anatomy demonstrates that the adipose organ has a multi-depot organisation (1,2,3), consisting of two large subcutaneous depots and of numerous visceral depots (intended here as fat in close apposition to viscera, regardless of their portal or caval venous drainage) located in the visceral cavities of the trunk (Fig. 1).…”

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confidence: 99%

MECHANISMS IN ENDOCRINOLOGY: White, brown and pink adipocytes: the extraordinary plasticity of the adipose organ

Giordano

Smorlesi

Frontini

et al. 2014

European Journal of Endocrinology

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In mammals, adipocytes are lipid-laden cells making up the parenchyma of the multi-depot adipose organ. White adipocytes store lipids for release as free fatty acids during fasting periods; brown adipocytes burn glucose and lipids to maintain thermal homeostasis. A third type of adipocyte, the pink adipocyte, has recently been characterised in mouse subcutaneous fat depots during pregnancy and lactation. Pink adipocytes are mammary gland alveolar epithelial cells whose role is to produce and secrete milk. Emerging evidence suggests that they derive from the transdifferentiation of subcutaneous white adipocytes. The functional response of the adipose organ to a range of metabolic and environmental challenges highlights its extraordinary plasticity. Cold exposure induces an increase in the 'brown' component of the organ to meet the increased thermal demand; in states of positive energy balance, the 'white' component expands to store excess nutrients; finally, the 'pink' component develops in subcutaneous depots during pregnancy to ensure litter feeding. At the cell level, plasticity is provided not only by stem cell proliferation and differentiation but also, distinctively, by direct transdifferentiation of fully differentiated adipocytes by the stimuli that induce genetic expression reprogramming and through it a change in phenotype and, consequently function. A greater understanding of adipocyte transdifferentiation mechanisms would have the potential to shed light on their biology as well as inspire novel therapeutic strategies against metabolic syndrome (browning) and breast cancer (pinking).

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Distribution and Development of Brown Adipocytes in the Murine and Human Adipose Organ

Abstract: Murine white and brown adipocytes are found together in dissectible visceral and subcutaneous fat depots supplied by specific vessels and nerves, forming a multi-depot organ with plastic properties. Many of the anatomo-physiological features of murine fat depots apply to humans.

Cited by 398 publications

References 24 publications

Temperature-associated suicide mortality: contrasting roles of climatic warming and the suicide prevention program in Finland

Temperature-associated suicide mortality: contrasting roles of climatic warming and the suicide prevention program in Finland

LMNA Mutations Induce a Non-Inflammatory Fibrosis and a Brown Fat-Like Dystrophy of Enlarged Cervical Adipose Tissue

MECHANISMS IN ENDOCRINOLOGY: White, brown and pink adipocytes: the extraordinary plasticity of the adipose organ

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