Distribution and Antibiotic Resistance Profiles of <i>Salmonella enterica</i> in Rural Areas of North Carolina After Hurricane Florence in 2018

Mao, Yuqing; Zeineldin, Mohamed; Usmani, Moiz; Uprety, Sital; Shisler, Joanna L.; Jutla, Antarpreet; Unnikrishnan, Avinash; Nguyen, Thanh H.

doi:10.1029/2020gh000294

Cited by 10 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 68 publications

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“…In this study, we found no simple correlation between the presence of S. enterica and proximity to flooded swine farms, or between culturable Salmonella and the quantity of the Salmonella ttrC genetic marker (data shown previously in Mao et al (2021)). In the places we sampled, we found S. enterica to be from environmental sources.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 54%

Local and Environmental Reservoirs of Salmonella enterica After Hurricane Florence Flooding

Mao,

Zeineldin,

Usmani

et al. 2023

GeoHealth

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In many regions of the world, including the United States, human and animal fecal genetic markers have been found in flood waters. In this study, we use high‐resolution whole genomic sequencing to examine the origin and distribution of Salmonella enterica after the 2018 Hurricane Florence flooding. We specifically asked whether S. enterica isolated from water samples collected near swine farms in North Carolina shortly after Hurricane Florence had evidence of swine origin. To investigate this, we isolated and fully sequenced 18 independent S. enterica strains from 10 locations (five flooded and five unflooded). We found that all strains have extremely similar chromosomes with only five single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and possessed two plasmids assigned bioinformatically to the incompatibility groups IncFIB and IncFII. The chromosomal core genome and the IncFIB plasmid are most closely related to environmental Salmonella strains isolated previously from the southeastern US. In contrast, the IncFII plasmid was found in environmental S. enterica strains whose genomes were more divergent, suggesting the IncFII plasmid is more promiscuous than the IncFIB type. We identified 65 antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) in each of our 18 S. enterica isolates. All ARGs were located on the Salmonella chromosome, similar to other previously characterized environmental isolates. All isolates with different SNPs were resistant to a panel of commonly used antibiotics. These results highlight the importance of environmental sources of antibiotic‐resistant S. enterica after extreme flood events.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 54%

Local and Environmental Reservoirs of Salmonella enterica After Hurricane Florence Flooding

Mao,

Zeineldin,

Usmani

et al. 2023

GeoHealth

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“…MDR Salmonella strains are currently spreading in the human food supply chain and have a huge impact on economics and health ( Tasmin et al, 2019 ; Castro-Vargas et al, 2020 ; Chen et al, 2020 ). This concern raised the alarm on the need to find alternative ways to control this important foodborne pathogen ( Kongsanan et al, 2020 ; Mao et al, 2021 ; Sargun et al, 2021 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Anti-inflammatory Effect of Probiotic Limosilactobacillus reuteri KUB-AC5 Against Salmonella Infection in a Mouse Colitis Model

et al. 2021

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Acute non-typhoidal salmonellosis (NTS) caused by Salmonella enterica Typhimurium (STM) is among the most prevalent of foodborne diseases. A global rising of antibiotic resistance strains of STM raises an urgent need for alternative methods to control this important pathogen. Major human food animals which harbor STM in their gut are cattle, swine, and poultry. Previous studies showed that the probiotic Limosilactobacillus (Lactobacillus) reuteri KUB-AC5 (AC5) exhibited anti-Salmonella activities in chicken by modulating gut microbiota and the immune response. However, the immunobiotic effect of AC5 in a mammalian host is still not known. Here, we investigated the anti-Salmonella and anti-inflammatory effects of AC5 on STM infection using a mouse colitis model. Three groups of C57BL/6 mice (prophylactic, therapeutic, and combined) were fed with 109 colony-forming units (cfu) AC5 daily for 7, 4, and 11 days, respectively. Then, the mice were challenged with STM compared to the untreated group. By using a specific primer pair, we found that AC5 can transiently colonize mouse gut (colon, cecum, and ileum). Interestingly, AC5 reduced STM gut proliferation and invasion together with attenuated gut inflammation and systemic dissemination in mice. The decreased STM numbers in mouse gut lumen, gut tissues, and spleen possibly came from longer AC5 feeding duration and/or the combinatorial (direct and indirect inhibitory) effect of AC5 on STM. However, AC5 attenuated inflammation (both in the gut and in the spleen) with no difference between these three approaches. This study demonstrated that AC5 confers both direct and indirect inhibitory effects on STM in the inflamed gut.

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“…Salmonella Typhimurium (ST) is a gram negative enteric pathogen 43 which enters human gut through consumption of contaminated food or drink. An increase in antibiotic resistance strains of ST raised the concern and developed the need to find alternative prophylactic and therapeutic agents to control this important gastrointestinal pathogen [44][45][46] . S.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Probiotic Characteristics and Anti-inflammatory Properties of an Indian Indigenous Lactobacillus plantarum against Pathogenic Salmonella Typhimurium

Samanta¹,

Bamola²,

Das³

et al. 2021

Preprint

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Probiotic should be well characterized for any preventive and therapeutic application. Studies have reported that the population specific indigenous probiotics are more effective. Huge number of probiotics are available globally but indigenous Indian probiotic candidates are limited. Therefore, a study was conducted to evaluate probiotic characteristics and anti-inflammatory properties of an Indian indigenous Lactobacillus plantarum (Lp1) – (NCBI accession no- MN386242) against gastrointestinal (GI) pathogen Salmonella Typhimurium (ST) using Caco-2 cell lines. Anti-inflammatory properties were assessed by evaluating the expression of Immunoglobulins (IgA, IgG) receptors, Toll Like Receptors (TLR2, TLR4) and cytokine (IL10, IL-8, IL17 and IL23) using flowcytometry and Real Time-PCR. Lp1 showed good adhesion and ability to survive in high acidic and bile conditions of the gut. Lp1 demonstrated antagonistic potential against GI pathogens and modulated pro and anti-inflammatory cytokines expression significantly. Observed result indicated that this indigenous Lp1 is a good probiotic candidate with anti-inflammatory potential and can be evaluated further clinically for the treatment or prevention of salmonellosis and other GI inflammatory disorders.

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Distribution and Antibiotic Resistance Profiles of Salmonella enterica in Rural Areas of North Carolina After Hurricane Florence in 2018

Cited by 10 publications

References 68 publications

Local and Environmental Reservoirs of Salmonella enterica After Hurricane Florence Flooding

Local and Environmental Reservoirs of Salmonella enterica After Hurricane Florence Flooding

Anti-inflammatory Effect of Probiotic Limosilactobacillus reuteri KUB-AC5 Against Salmonella Infection in a Mouse Colitis Model

Probiotic Characteristics and Anti-inflammatory Properties of an Indian Indigenous Lactobacillus plantarum against Pathogenic Salmonella Typhimurium

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