Distribution and abundance of stomach nematodes (Anisakidae) among grey seals (Halichoerus grypus) and harp seals (Phoca groenlandica) in the Gulf of St. Lawrence

Marcogliese, David J.; Boily, F; Hammill, Michael O.

doi:10.1139/f96-243

Cited by 24 publications

(59 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…This might be related to the diet of the hosts in the area. There are more larval Anisakis in pelagic species of fish (Marcogliese et al 1996) and so eating more of these prey could lead to a higher abundance of this nematode.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gastrointestinal helminths of Commerson's dolphins Cephalorhynchus commersonii from central Patagonia and Tierra del Fuego

Berón-Vera

Pedraza²,

Raga³

et al. 2001

Dis. Aquat. Org.

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The stomachs and intestines of 9 Commerson's dolphins incidentally caught in trawl nets in central Patagonia and 23 stranded on beaches in Tierra del Fuego were surveyed for helminth parasites. A total of 267 individuals belonging to 4 species of parasites (1 nematode, 3 digeneans) were found in the dolphins from the first area: Anisakis sp. (larvae type 1 = A. simplex), Braunina cordiformis, Hadwenius sp. and Pholeter gastrophilus. In the Tierra del Fuego dolphins, 142 specimens belonging to 3 species (2 nematodes, 1 digenean, 1 cestode) were found: A. simplex, Hadwenius sp. and Strobilocephalus triangularis. Only 2 of the helminth species were shared in the 2 study areas, A. simplex and Hadwenius sp., and both were more common in central Patagonia. Among the species, A. simplex was most prevalent and abundant in both study areas. In Tierra del Fuego, adults of A. simplex appeared in only 1 host. Hadwenius sp., P. gastrophilus and S. triangularis are new host records for Commerson's dolphin. Species diversity and species richness were low in both study areas. Helminth communities were more diverse in central Patagonia (t = 1.97, df = 258, p < 0.05) and species richness was higher in central Patagonia (S = 4). No differences in diversity were observed between females and males of central Patagonia (t = 1.97, df = 139, p < 0.05) and between females of central Patagonia and Tierra del Fuego. The results may suggest some differences in habitat use, diet and sex between Commerson's dolphin populations in the 2 study areas.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gastrointestinal helminths of Commerson's dolphins Cephalorhynchus commersonii from central Patagonia and Tierra del Fuego

Berón-Vera

Pedraza²,

Raga³

et al. 2001

Dis. Aquat. Org.

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“…Over 60 species are infected in the North Atlantic alone (McClelland et al 1990). While three sibling species of P. decipiens exist in the North Atlantic, designated A, B, and C (Paggi et al 1991), it is presumed that sealworm from the Gulf of St. Lawrence belong to P. decipiens B (see Boily and Marcogliese 1995, Marcogliese et al 1996, Marcogliese, 2001, now formally referred to as P. decipiens (sensu stricto) (Paggi et al 2000).…”

Section: S Ealworm (Pseudoterranova Decipiens)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Distribution and abundance of sealworm (Pseudoterranova decipiens) and other anisakid nematodes in fish and seals in the Gulf of St. Lawrence: potential importance of climatic conditions

Marcogliese

2001

NAMMCOSP

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Prevalence and abundance of sealworm (Pseudoterranova decipiens) and other anisakid nematodes were determined in a variety of fishes from the Gulf of St. Lawrence in 1990 and. Sealworm abundance and prevalence were also determined in three species of seals in the Gulf between 1988 and 1992. Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua) and shorthorn (Myoxocephalus scorpius) and longhorn sculpin (M. octodecemspinosus) were the fishes most heavily infected with sealworm. Grey seals (Halichoerus grypus) proved to be the most important definitive hosts for sealworm in the Gulf. Abundance of sealworm increased, whereas that of Anisakis simplex and contracaecine nematodes decreased, from north to south in the Gulf. Abundance of sealworm increased compared to earlier surveys in most areas of the Gulf, but decreased in both cod and grey seals during the course of this study. In contrast, abundance of Contracaecum osculatum and Phocascaris spp. in grey seals and cod continued to increase during the study period. Observed increases of nematodes are attributed to growing populations of grey seals (for sealworm) and harp seals (for Contracaecinea). Levels of A. simplex remained relatively constant between 1988 and 1992 in both grey seals and cod. There is no evidence suggesting that observed patterns in nematode abundance were due to changes in grey seal diet. Nor was there any evidence of competition between P. decipiens and C. osculatum in grey seals affecting either sealworm abundance or fecundity. The trends detected herein are attributed to climatic events in the Gulf of St. Lawrence, where water temperatures in the cold intermediate layer consistently decreased between 1986 and 1994. It is suggested that low temperatures inhibited development and hatching of sealworm eggs, but not those of C. osculatum. 113NAMMCO Scientific Publications, Volume 3 D Di is st tr ri ib bu ut ti io on n a an nd d a ab bu un nd da an nc ce e o of f s se ea al lw wo or rm m ( (P Ps se eu ud do ot te er rr ra an no ov va a d de ec ci ip pi ie en ns s) ) a an nd d o ot th he er r a an ni is sa ak ki id d n ne em ma at to od de es s i in n f fi is sh h a an nd d s se ea al ls s i in n t th he e G Gu ul lf f o of f S St t. . L La aw wr re en nc ce e: : p po ot te en nt ti ia al l i im mp po or rt ta an nc ce e o of f c cl li im ma at ti ic c c co on nd di it ti io on ns s

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“…This development has been noted during a period with a marked increase of the grey seal Halichoerus grypus population (Haarder et al 2014). These pinnipeds are final hosts for both C. osculatum and P. decipiens (Marcogliese et al 1996, McClelland 2002, Mattiucci & Nascetti 2008, Skrzypczak et al 2014, Lunneryd et al 2015. Eero et al (2015) suggested that heavy C. osculatum liver infections may partly explain the distress of the eastern population of Baltic cod, where juveniles (< 30 cm total length [TL]) perform successfully but larger cod (> 38 cm TL) show increased mortality.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Host size-dependent anisakid infection in Baltic cod Gadus morhua associated with differential food preferences

Zuo

Huwer²,

Bahlool

et al. 2016

Dis. Aquat. Org.

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A significant increase in the infection level of Baltic cod Gadus morhua with the anisakid nematode larvae Contracaecum osculatum and Pseudoterranova decipiens has been recorded during recent years due to the expanding local population of grey seals Halichoerus grypus, which act as final hosts for these parasites. Here, we report from an investigation of 368 cod (total length [TL] 6−49 cm; caught in ICES Subdivision 25) that the infection level of juvenile cod (TL 6−30 cm) with larvae of C. osculatum and P. decipiens is absent or very low, whereas it increases drastically in larger cod (TL 31−48 cm). A third nematode Hysterothylacium aduncum was rarely found. The study indicates that the prey animals for large cod act as transport hosts for the parasite larvae. Analyses of stomach contents of cod caught in the same area (2007−2014) showed that small benthic organisms (including polychaetes Harmothoë sarsi) are preferred food items by small cod, the isopod Saduria entomon is taken by all size classes, and sprat Sprattus sprattus are common prey items for cod larger than 30 cm. Parasitological investigations (microscopic and molecular analyses) of H. sarsi (100 specimens) and S. entomon (40 specimens) did not reveal infection in these invertebrates, but 11.6% of sprat (265 specimens examined) was shown to be infected with 1−8 C. osculatum third stage larvae per fish. Analyses of sprat stomach contents confirmed that copepods and cladocerans are the main food items of sprat. These observations suggest that the C. osculatum life cycle in the Baltic Sea includes grey seals as final hosts, sprat as the first transport host and cod as second transport host. It may be speculated that sprat obtain infection by feeding on copepods and/or cladocerans, which could serve as the first intermediate hosts. One cannot exclude the possibility that the size-dependent C. osculatum infection of cod may contribute (indirectly or directly) to the differential mortality of larger cod (> 38 cm) compared to smaller cod (< 30 cm) recently recorded in the Baltic cod population.

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Distribution and abundance of stomach nematodes (Anisakidae) among grey seals (Halichoerus grypus) and harp seals (Phoca groenlandica) in the Gulf of St. Lawrence

Cited by 24 publications

References 15 publications

Gastrointestinal helminths of Commerson's dolphins Cephalorhynchus commersonii from central Patagonia and Tierra del Fuego

Gastrointestinal helminths of Commerson's dolphins Cephalorhynchus commersonii from central Patagonia and Tierra del Fuego

Distribution and abundance of sealworm (<i>Pseudoterranova decipiens</i>) and other anisakid nematodes in fish and seals in the Gulf of St. Lawrence: potential importance of climatic conditions

Host size-dependent anisakid infection in Baltic cod Gadus morhua associated with differential food preferences

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