Distribution and Abundance of Phlebotominae, Vectors of Leishmaniasis, in Argentina: Spatial and Temporal Analysis at Different Scales

Abstract

The spatial-temporal analysis of the abundance of insects, vectors of tegumentary leishmaniasis (TL) and visceral leishmaniasis (VL), was performed in Argentina using spatial-temporal increasing scales. In the microscale (microfocal), the effect of the primary vegetation-crop interface in vector abundance was observed, and also how the shelters, food sources, and other environmental characteristics contribute to habitat microheterogeneity and so to a microheterogeneous vector distribution. In the mesoscale (locality or epidemic focus), the results from different foci of TL (rural and periurban) and VL (urban) suggested a metapopulation structure determined partially by quantifiable habitat variables that could explain the increase of risk associated to an increase of vector-human contact due to climatic or anthropogenic changes. In the macroscale (regional), captures of vectors and records of human cases allowed the construction of risk maps and predictive models of vector distribution. In conclusion, in order to obtain valid results transferrable to control programs from spatial studies, special attention should be paid in order to assure the consistency between the spatial scales of the hypotheses, data, and analytical tools of each experimental or descriptive design.

Classificação orientada a objeto de imagens de sensoriamento remoto em estudos epidemiológicos sobre leishmaniose visceral em área urbana

“…Essa situação pode ter ocorrido porque cada setor censitário corresponde à capacidade de levantamento do recenseador em relação aos domicílios. Quintana et al 26 , usando diferentes escalas de análise para avaliar a distribuição e abundância espacial e temporal dos vetores da leishmaniose tegumentar e da LV na Argentina, concluíram que níveis variados de escalas geram informações que contribuem para desenhar estratégias de prevenção e controle das leishmanioses, embora destaquem a necessidade de resolução, qualidade dos dados e diferentes formas de análise para suportar as conclusões adequadas em cada escala. Rosa-Freitas et al 27 apontam vários trabalhos que investigam diferentes escalas espaciais e temporais com o propósito de aumentar a compreensão sobre epidemiologia de doenças transmitidas por vetores, bem como apoiar as decisões nos programas de controle.…”

Ceratopogonidae (Diptera: Nematocera) of the piedmont of the Yungas forests of Tucumán: ecology and distribution

“…In the study area, Salomón et al (2006) determined the spatial and temporal distribution of risk and the regional epidemiological trends of tegumentary leishmaniasis (TL), a type of Leishmania which is endemic of the Yungas of Argentina. The data presented here in addition to other studies carried out in the area (Veggiani Aybar et al, 2010b; Veggiani Aybar et al, 2012; Veggiani-Aybar, 2015) represent a starting point for continuing with the study of this genus in areas where its distribution matches that of the family Psychodidae, the main vectors of this parasite in the region (Córdoba Lanús & Salomón, 2002; Salomón et al, 2006; Quintana, Fernández & Salomón, 2012). …”

Cost-effectiveness of prevention strategies for American tegumentary leishmaniasis in Argentina

“…Two strategies were evaluated separately. First, prevention of transmission with pyrethroidtreated clothing for rural workers exposed to risk and curtains impregnated with the insecticide in houses in endemic areas, corresponding to three major ecoregions of northern Argentina: subtropical forest Yungas, dry and humid Chaco, and Paranaense forest 12 . These ecoregions include nine Argentinian provinces: Salta, Jujuy, Tucumán, Catamarca, Formosa, Chaco, Santiago del Estero, Misiones and Corrientes.…”