Distribution according to histologic type and outcome by gender and age group in Taiwanese patients with lung carcinoma

Abstract

Objective To determine whether manual therapy or pulsed shortwave diathermy, in addition to advice and exercise, provide better clinical outcome at 6 months than advice and exercise alone in primary care patients with nonspecific neck disorders. Methods This was a multicenter, 3‐arm randomized controlled trial in 15 physical therapy departments. Of the 735 screened patients, 350 were recruited to the study (mean age 51 years) from July 2000 to June 2002. Participants were randomized to advice and exercise plus manual therapy, advice and exercise plus pulsed shortwave, or advice and exercise alone. Assessments were undertaken at baseline, 6 weeks, and 6 months. The primary outcome was the Northwick Park Neck Pain Questionnaire. Analysis was by intention to treat. Results Of the participants, 115 were allocated to advice and exercise, 114 to advice and exercise plus manual therapy, and 121 to advice and exercise plus pulsed shortwave; 98% received the allocated treatment. There was 93% followup at 6 months. The mean ± SD fall in Northwick Park score at 6 months was 11.5 ± 15.7 for advice and exercise alone, 10.2 ± 14.1 for advice and exercise plus manual therapy, and 10.3 ± 15.0 for advice and exercise plus pulsed shortwave. There were no statistically significant differences in mean changes between groups. Conclusion The addition of pulsed shortwave or manual therapy to advice and exercise did not provide any additional benefits in the physical therapy treatment of neck disorders.

Hormone replacement therapy and lung cancer risk in Chinese

“…34 We have also found a low prevalence of ever smokers among female lung cancer patients in our previous study. 4 The cause for the very low prevalence rate of ever smoking in female lung cancer patients remains unclear.…”

“…[1][2] Although tobacco smoking is a well-established etiologic factor for lung cancer, 3 we found that most of the female lung cancer patients in Taiwan were nonsmokers. 4 Lung cancer in Chinese women has different clinicopathological features compared with the Western population. The female to male ratio of lung cancer patients was higher than the average ratio worldwide, 4,5 and the cause remains unclear.…”

“…4 Lung cancer in Chinese women has different clinicopathological features compared with the Western population. The female to male ratio of lung cancer patients was higher than the average ratio worldwide, 4,5 and the cause remains unclear.…”

Androgen receptor and androgen-dependent gene expression in lung

“…There are several reports implicating the estrogen signaling pathway in lung cancer (Marquez-Garban et al, 2007), and clear sex differences exist in lung cancer type and survival (Belani et al, 2007;Chen et al, 2005;Fu et al, 2005;Patel, 2005;Thomas et al, 2005). In particular, women who do not smoke are more susceptible to developing adenocarcinoma, a cancer type that derives from PTII cells expressing AR.…”

“…Female patients show better survival rates than males at any stage of the disease (Fu et al, 2005). Histological subtypes of the disease in women include proportionally more adenocarcinoma and less squamous cell carcinoma than men (Chen et al, 2005;Fu et al, 2005). Overall, men appear to have a higher rate of fatal outcome of lung cancer, but tend to be less vulnerable to tobacco carcinogens than women (International Early Lung Cancer Action Program Investigators et al, 2006).…”