Distributed Voltage Control with Electric Springs: Comparison with STATCOM

Luo, Xiao; Akhtar, Zohaib; Lee, Chi Kwan; Chaudhuri, Balarko; Tan, Siew‐Chong; Hui, S. Y. Ron

doi:10.1109/tsg.2014.2345072

Cited by 102 publications

(62 citation statements)

References 12 publications

(25 reference statements)

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“…Different from the operating methods of dynamic voltage restorer (DVR) and static synchronous compensator (STATCOM), an ES is installed on the NCL while a DVR or a STATCOM is installed on the CL to improve the power quality of the CL. As described in [15], an ES may achieve a more efficient result than a STATCOM for regulating bus voltage under some cases. An ES can also participate in frequency regulation by controlling the active power on the NCLs and implement a primary frequency control [16].…”

Section: > Replace This Line With Your Paper Identification Number (Dmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Based on (13) to (15), the operation range of the active power consumed by the NCL connected with an ES can be determined analytically with local information. Differently to the primary frequency control proposed in [16], a controller is proposed to control that is proportional to the frequency deviations in order to regulate the system frequency for the islanded microgrid under the frequency support mode as shown in Fig.…”

Section: B Es With a Strong Bus And Operated Locallymentioning

confidence: 99%

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Enhancing Resilience of Microgrids with Electric Springs

Liang

Hou

Hill

et al. 2016

IEEE Trans. Smart Grid

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I. INTRODUCTION XTREME natural events in recent years have caused immense losses to power systems and societies. Recent severe power outages caused by extreme natural events such as Superstorm Sandy [1], are powerful reminders that energy infrastructure resilience requires significant enhancement. Resilience is defined as "The ability to prepare for and adapt to changing conditions and withstand and recover rapidly from disruptions" [2]. In power systems, the North American Electric Reliability Corporation (NERC) and the United States Electric Power Research Institute (EPRI) have been actively developing innovative technologies aimed at enhancing resilience. Although the functionary requirements of resilience are very diverse, the ability to adapt unfolding extreme natural events and to restore from an outage are identified. Especially, the survivability of critical loads during extreme natural events has been widely highlighted [2]. This article has been accepted for publication in a future issue of this journal, but has not been fully edited. Content may change prior to final publication. Citation information: DOI 10.1109/TSG.2016.2609603, IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid > REPLACE THIS LINE WITH YOUR PAPER IDENTIFICATION NUMBER (DOUBLE-CLICK HERE TO EDIT) < 2To meet the requirements of system resilience, it appears that microgrids play important roles, especially for distribution systems [3][4][5]. As a critical function of resilience, after an extreme natural events, microgrids in islanded mode or grid-connected mode, are expected to restore the system as quickly as possible. Especially, it is important to restore critical loads (CLs). However, it is a challenging task for microgrids to maintain system frequency and bus voltages with limited operating resources and small system inertia, especially, after a major outage. The frequency deviations should be kept within operating limits in order to avoid permanent damage to the diesel and steam generators. Some CLs are sensitive to the power quality. The voltage deviations at the CLs should be reduced in order to guarantee a reliable supply at CLs.Sufficient operating resources are essential for the resilience of microgrids. Researchers have proposed various methods to enhance to controllability with limited operating resources from all components of systems. As proposed in [6], power converter based wind energy generation systems can be operated to increase the system inertia by implementing frequency droop control. An identical control strategy has been applied on several different kinds of renewable generation systems and energy storage systems to increase the system inertias as proposed in [7][8][9]. However, it is still a challenging task for microgrids to reliably supply the CLs in microgrids with fluctuating renewable energy after extreme natural events. Recently, loads have also been proposed as a type of operating resource by implementing load-response [10]. As described in [11], load-response can contribute to the frequency control. With the development...

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Section: > Replace This Line With Your Paper Identification Number (Dmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: B Es With a Strong Bus And Operated Locallymentioning

confidence: 99%

Enhancing Resilience of Microgrids with Electric Springs

Liang

Hou

Hill

et al. 2016

IEEE Trans. Smart Grid

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“…In [5] and [6], the dynamic modeling and steady-state analysis of ES are given to prove the capability of ES in providing different types of power/voltage compensations to the load. A comparison between the ES and Static synchronous compensator (STATCOM) shows that a group of ESs achieves better total voltage regulation than STATCOM with less overall reactive power capacity [7]. The effect of ESs in reducing energy storage requirements is theoretically proven and practically demonstrated [8].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Distributed Control of Multiple Electric Springs for Voltage Control in Microgrid

Chen

Hou

Hui

2017

IEEE Trans. Smart Grid

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Abstract-Dispersed distribution of many inverter-based Electric springs (ESs) over the power grid as a means to provide stability support for smart grid against high penetration of intermittent renewable power has been suggested recently. While single ES has its own local controller, their wide dispersion makes it difficult to coordinate their functions. In this paper, a novel distributed control method for adjusting the whole voltage level of ESs installed in the network is developed. Firstly, the specific control scheme for the single ES is designed to ensure good transient response and zero steady-state error. Combining with the consensus algorithm for ES reference voltage updating, the control strategy for multiple ESs is implemented, in which the inductor current is considered as the feedback variable to modify the output of the voltage controller. Compared with the conventional droop control, the scheme can maintain the voltage level of the critical load without sacrificing the voltage control accuracy. In addition, this algorithm guarantees system stability and optimal convergence speed. Simulation results show that the distributed voltage control can guarantee the overall coordination of parallel ESs under various operation conditions.

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“…In [20] distributed voltage control capability of smart load has been compared against STATCOM while [21] demonstrate the effectiveness of smart loads in primary frequency control considering only a segment of the MV/LV network.…”

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Rapid frequency response from smart loads in great britain power system

Chakravorty

Chaudhuri

Hui

2017

2017 IEEE Power &Amp; Energy Society General Meeting

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Abstract-Flexibility in certain types of loads could be exploited to provide fast and controllable power reserve if the supply voltage/frequency is controlled using existing power electronic interfaces (e.g., motor drives) or additional ones like recently proposed electric springs. Such a load together with its power electronic interface forms a so called smart load. Effectiveness of static smart loads for primary frequency response provision has been shown in the previous papers through case studies on a segment of the low voltage/medium voltage (LV/MV) distribution network. In this paper, collective contribution of both static and motor type smart loads to rapid frequency response provision is demonstrated through a case study on the Great Britain (GB) transmission system. The active power reserve available from such smart loads are quantified and aggregated at each node at the transmission level (275/400 kV). The study shows that the smart loads collectively offer a short-term power reserve which is comparable to the spinning reserve in the GB system, and thus can ensure acceptable frequency deviation and its rate of change following a large infeed loss.Index Terms-Demand response, electric spring, primary reserve, rapid frequency response, smart load. NOMENCLATURE Acronyms

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Distributed Voltage Control with Electric Springs: Comparison with STATCOM

Cited by 102 publications

References 12 publications

Enhancing Resilience of Microgrids with Electric Springs

Enhancing Resilience of Microgrids with Electric Springs

Distributed Control of Multiple Electric Springs for Voltage Control in Microgrid

Rapid frequency response from smart loads in great britain power system

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