Distributed Robust Frequency Restoration and Active Power Sharing for Autonomous Microgrids With Event-Triggered Strategy

Zhao, Daduan; Zhang, Chenghui; Sun, Yue; Li, Shizhong; Sun, Bo; Li, Yan

doi:10.1109/tsg.2021.3087960

Cited by 51 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 40 publications

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“…The microgrid frequency will be stabilized at the synchronous frequency ω sync , but it cannot be restored to the nominal value by only the main control. Summing Equation (7) and calling equation N ∑ i=1 P e,i = ∆P loss obtains the following:…”

Section: Inertia and Standby Constraintsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Frequency regulation (FR) and integrated economic dispatch (IED), which need to be considered during the operation of microgrids, are handled by secondary and tertiary controls operating on different time scales, respectively [6]. For frequency regulation, literature [7,8] constructed a microgrid frequency stability-constrained optimal dispatch model containing wind/light/diesel/storage multi-type VSGs, and proposed a coordinated control strategy containing virtual synchronous generators, which increased the overall inertia and standby capacity level of the microgrid and improved the dynamic response of the microgrid frequency, but it did not take into account the variability in the operating cost and efficiency of the units involved in frequency regulation. To optimize the economics of microgrids in the frequency regulation process, literature [9,10] proposes an improved sag control method based on marginal cost and a secondary frequency regulation method based on virtual synchronous machine technology and taking into account the participation of loads, which maximizes the comprehensive benefits of the whole network, but the system lacks inertia and the frequency regulation fluctuates greatly.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Distributed Optimization of Islanded Microgrids Integrating Multi-Type VSG Frequency Regulation and Integrated Economic Dispatch

Xu,

Sun,

Huang

et al. 2024

Energies

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The question of how to simultaneously perform frequency regulation and integrated economic scheduling for microgrids with low-inertia islanding operation under communication constraints is a difficult problem that needs to be solved for many current applications. To this end, this paper establishes a microgrid scheduling control model containing a virtual synchronous generator (VSG) with multiple types of power sources and proposes a distributed optimization algorithm that integrates frequency regulation and comprehensive economic scheduling to simultaneously realize frequency regulation and economic scheduling in a microgrid. Firstly, a distributed economic dispatch problem is proposed based on a comprehensive consideration of the costs and benefits of various types of power VSGs, as well as the overall inertia and standby capacity requirements of the microgrid, which minimizes the integrated costs incurred by the participation of each type of VSG in the frequency regulation and improves the stable operation of the microgrid in terms of frequency under perturbation. Then, the optimal scheduling problem is solved by reconstructing the optimization problem based on considering the dynamic characteristics of microgrid inverters and using event-triggered communication to sense and compensate for the supply-demand imbalance online. The proposed method can avoid inter-layer coordination across time scales, improve the inertia, frequency regulation capability, and economy of the system, and enhance its robustness to short-term communication failures. Finally, simulation results are used to verify the effectiveness of the method.

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Section: Inertia and Standby Constraintsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Distributed Optimization of Islanded Microgrids Integrating Multi-Type VSG Frequency Regulation and Integrated Economic Dispatch

Xu,

Sun,

Huang

et al. 2024

Energies

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“…In, 16 an event‐triggered control algorithm is designed, and its stability is proved by the Lyapunov method. Reference 17 proposes a finite/fixed event algorithm with an event‐triggered mechanism, which has strong anti‐interference ability and improves the robustness of the control scheme. Based on event‐triggered control (ETC), Reference 18 designs a voltage observer to further reduce the communication requirements.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Distributed event‐triggered secondary control for microgrids applicable to directed communication graph

Zhang

Cai²,

Xia

et al. 2023

Engineering Reports

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Recently, distributed cooperative control has been popularly used in the secondary control of microgrids due to its reliability and flexibility. However, traditional distributed control schemes based on fixed‐cycle communication usually result in a waste of communication resources. Thus, this paper proposes an event‐triggered distributed control strategy that can significantly reduce the requirements of communication. In addition, compared with existing schemes, the proposed algorithm can achieve the secondary control goal in a directed graph, which can be applied to more scenarios, especially for weaker communication conditions. The stability of the strategy is investigated with the Lyapunov method. The simulation results verify the validity and effectiveness of the proposed scheme.

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“…In order to reduce the number of communication among neighbors, event-triggered distributed control was proposed. In [22], a distributed robust frequency restoration with an event-triggered strategy was proposed based on the primary droop control.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Distributed Hierarchical Control for Fast Frequency Restoration in VSG-Controlled Islanded Microgrids

Feng

Liu

2022

IEEE Open J. Ind. Electron. Soc.

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As microgrids develop rapidly, more inverters are adopted to achieve DC/AC or AC/DC/AC conversion of distributed generators (DGs). The virtual synchronous generator (VSG) control has started to replace the traditional droop control for inverters. In order to restore the frequency to its nominal value, most existing secondary frequency control (SFC) methods are based on frequency measurements. However, while reducing the rate of change of frequency (ROCOF), virtual inertia also slows down the convergence of frequency-based SFC. Therefore, this paper proposes a new distributed hierarchical control for fast frequency restoration. Based on the real-time VSG control at the bottom level, a novel frequency restoration control is designed. The power reference values generated by the proposed control can accelerate the frequency restoration with accurate power sharing. Meanwhile, by designing event-triggering conditions, parallel inverter controllers only need to communicate with neighbors at the event-triggered moments. Simulations have been performed in MATLAB/Simulink environment. Furthermore, the proposed control has also been tested on the experiment platform, which contains practical physical circuits and real-time controllers. Both simulation and experiment results verify the effectiveness of the proposed control strategy.INDEX TERMS Hierarchical control, islanded microgrid, parallel voltage source inverters (VSIs), real-time experiment, virtual synchronous generator (VSG).

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Distributed Robust Frequency Restoration and Active Power Sharing for Autonomous Microgrids With Event-Triggered Strategy

Cited by 51 publications

References 40 publications

Distributed Optimization of Islanded Microgrids Integrating Multi-Type VSG Frequency Regulation and Integrated Economic Dispatch

Distributed Optimization of Islanded Microgrids Integrating Multi-Type VSG Frequency Regulation and Integrated Economic Dispatch

Distributed event‐triggered secondary control for microgrids applicable to directed communication graph

Distributed Hierarchical Control for Fast Frequency Restoration in VSG-Controlled Islanded Microgrids

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