Distributed Raman amplification using ultra-long fiber laser with a ring cavity: characteristics and sensing application

Jia, Xin-Hong; Rao, Yunjiang; Wang, Zinan; Zhang, Wei Li; Yuan, Cheng-Xu; Yan, Xiaodong; Li, Jin; Zhu, Yeyu; Peng, Fei

doi:10.1364/oe.21.021208

Cited by 31 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…Another configuration implementing only one pump source is described in [155]. In this system, a ring configuration is used to extend the system length: sensing over 142.2 km of fiber with 5 m spatial resolution and 1.5°C temperature accuracy was achieved.…”

Section: Random Fiber Laser For Applications In Distributed Sensingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recent advances in fundamentals and applications of random fiber lasers

et al. 2015

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Doc. ID 239686)Random fiber lasers blend together attractive features of traditional random lasers, such as low cost and simplicity of fabrication, with high-performance characteristics of conventional fiber lasers, such as good directionality and high efficiency. Low coherence of random lasers is important for speckle-free imaging applications. The random fiber laser with distributed feedback proposed in 2010 led to a quickly developing class of light sources that utilize inherent optical fiber disorder in the form of the Rayleigh scattering and distributed Raman gain. The random fiber laser is an interesting and practically important example of a photonic device based on exploitation of optical medium disorder. We provide an overview of recent advances in this field, including high-power and high-efficiency generation, spectral and statistical properties of random fiber lasers, nonlinear kinetic theory of such systems, and emerging applications in telecommunications and distributed sensing.

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Section: Random Fiber Laser For Applications In Distributed Sensingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recent advances in fundamentals and applications of random fiber lasers

et al. 2015

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“…If the amplification process is developed through the use of the previously described URFL the obtained performance enhances substantially when combined with a preamplification stage and pulse-coding [31,32]. For the case presented in [31] 142.2 km of sensing fiber are achieved for 5 meter resolution and 1024 equivalent averages, thus the FoM rapidly grows up to 26000.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For the case presented in [31] 142.2 km of sensing fiber are achieved for 5 meter resolution and 1024 equivalent averages, thus the FoM rapidly grows up to 26000. For the case developed in [32] the Raman amplification is as well assisted by a low noise Firstorder Raman pump co-propagant to the probe wave so the possible RIN transfer to the detected probe wave is minimized. By such means, 154.4 km sensing range are obtained with 5 meter resolution and 4080 averages, almost doubling the previous FoM until 45000.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Limits of BOTDA Range Extension Techniques

et al. 2016

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Abstract-Brillouin-based temperature and strain sensors have attracted great attention of both the academic and industrial sectors in the past few decades due to their ability to perform distributed measurements. Particularly, Brillouin Optical Time Domain Analysis (BOTDA) systems have been applied in many different scenarios, proving particularly useful in those requiring especially wide coverage ranging extremely long distances, such as in civil structure monitoring, energy transportation or environmental applications. The extension of the measuring range in these sensors has therefore become one of the main areas of research and development around BOTDA. To do so, it is necessary to increase the Signal to Noise Ratio (SNR) of the retrieved signal. So far, several techniques have been applied in order to achieve this goal, such as pre-amplification before detection, pulse coding or Raman amplification. Here, we analyze these techniques in terms of their performance limits and provide guidelines that can assist in finding out which is the best configuration to break current range limitations. Our analysis is based on physical arguments as well as current literature results.Index Terms-Brillouin scattering, distributed optic fiber sensing, distributed Raman scattering, optical fibers, optical pulse coding. I. INTRODUCTIONMONG the different available techniques to perform distributed measurements of strain and temperature, Brillouin Optical Time-Domain Analysis (BOTDA) [1,2] is presently recognized as one of the most consolidated. This fiber sensing technology is widely used in different application domains (civil engineering, pipelines, fire detection, etc.). BOTDA technology finds its root on the non-linear optical effect occurring in optical fibers and called Stimulated Brillouin Scattering (SBS) [3]. SBS is an acousto-optic process that manifests as a narrowband amplification of a probe beam when an intense coherent pump light beam is introduced through the opposite end of a single-mode fiber. The distributed feature is provided to the BOTDA by pulsing the pump wave and analyzing the retrieved probe wave as function of the time-of-flight of the pump pulse within the fiber, as depicted in Fig.1.Range and resolution are two of the most important features of these systems, which are normally limited to 20-30 km with 1-2 meter resolution in standard systems [4]. Attenuation, an intrinsic fiber feature, is the limiting factor in terms of range as it reduces the intensity of the signals within the fiber, therefore decreasing the Signal to Noise Ratio (SNR) as the monitored distance increases. Resolution, which is set by the spatial length of the employed pump pulses, is restricted by the associated issues when the pulse duration is reduced. First, a spectral broadening will manifest on the retrieved wave (leading to a higher uncertainty) and also a shorter interaction length will be obtained among the pump and probe wave, leading to a corresponding SNR decrease. Both factors lead to a non-proportional increase of ...

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“…26,27 RFLs based on the Raman gain has been widely used in many fields, including providing the distributed Raman amplification with lower effective noise and good stability in telecommunication applications, 28 systems up to 300km, 30,31 and extending the sensing range in the distributed sensing systems. 32,33 The Brillouin gain based RFL has been utilized in spectral characterization for lasing linewidth measurements 21 as well as random bit generation. 34 In this letter, a multi-parameter sensor based on the RFL composed of a fiber ring laser with Er-doped gain and an injection of a fiber random grating is proposed and experimentally demonstrated.…”

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confidence: 99%

Multi-parameter sensor based on random fiber lasers

Zhang

Lü

et al. 2016

AIP Advances

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We demonstrate a concept of utilizing random fiber lasers to achieve multi-parameter sensing. The proposed random fiber ring laser consists of an erbium-doped fiber as the gain medium and a random fiber grating as the feedback. The random feedback is effectively realized by a large number of reflections from around 50000 femtosecond laser induced refractive index modulation regions over a 10cm standard single mode fiber. Numerous polarization-dependent spectral filters are formed and superimposed to provide multiple lasing lines with high signal-to-noise ratio up to 40dB, which gives an access for a high-fidelity multi-parameter sensing scheme. The number of sensing parameters can be controlled by the number of the lasing lines via input polarizations and wavelength shifts of each peak can be explored for the simultaneous multi-parameter sensing with one sensing probe. In addition, the random grating induced coupling between core and cladding modes can be potentially used for liquid medical sample sensing in medical diagnostics, biology and remote sensing in hostile environments.

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Distributed Raman amplification using ultra-long fiber laser with a ring cavity: characteristics and sensing application

Cited by 31 publications

References 27 publications

Recent advances in fundamentals and applications of random fiber lasers

Recent advances in fundamentals and applications of random fiber lasers

Limits of BOTDA Range Extension Techniques

Multi-parameter sensor based on random fiber lasers

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