Distributed Model Predictive Control of Buildings and Energy Hubs

Abstract

Model predictive control (MPC) strategies can be applied to the coordination of energy hubs to reduce their energy consumption. Despite the effectiveness of these techniques, their potential for energy savings are potentially underutilized due to the fact that energy demands are often assumed to be fixed quantities rather than controlled dynamic variables. The joint optimization of energy hubs and buildings' energy management systems can result in higher energy savings. This paper investigates how different MPC strategies perform on energy management systems in buildings and energy hubs. We first discuss two MPC approaches; centralized and decentralized. While the centralized control strategy offers optimal performance, its implementation is computationally prohibitive and raises privacy concerns. On the other hand, the decentralized control approach, which offers ease of implementation, displays significantly lower performance. We propose a third strategy, distributed control based on dual decomposition, which has the advantages of both approaches. Numerical case studies and comparisons demonstrate that the performance of distributed control is close to the performance of the centralized case, while maintaining a significantly lower computational burden, especially in large-scale scenarios with many agents. Finally, we validate and verify the reliability of the proposed method through an experiment on a full-scale energy hub system in the NEST demonstrator in Dübendorf, Switzerland.

Experimental Data-Driven Model Predictive Control of a Hospital HVAC System During Regular Use

“…Phone: (+41) 21-693-11-71. considered in the study is a part of the NEST testbed located in Switzerland and features water-based ceiling panels for both heating and cooling. The same building platform was used in a distributed MPC investigation recently reported in [18], which targets the large-scale problem of coordinating energy hubs. The experimental section of the work however only reports real experiments on a single zone over a total period of 24 hours.…”