Distributed Extension Across the Ethiopian Rift and Plateau Illuminated by Joint Inversion of Surface Waves and Scattered Body Waves

Petruska, Jon; Eilon, Z.

doi:10.1029/2021gc010179

Cited by 5 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 145 publications

(337 reference statements)

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…However, these features are spatially confined, and it is it difficult to imagine why this anelastic mechanism would appear so locally. Heat alone does not lower the velocity by more than ∼5% before the solidus is reached (Petruska & Eilon, 2022). Thus, we interpret these distinctly slow anomalies as signatures of small‐fraction partial melt within the lithosphere.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…10.1029/2024GL109041 Supporting Information S1) with demonstrably improved resolution (Eilon et al, 2018;Petruska & Eilon, 2022;Shen & Ritzwoller, 2016). In this study, we obtained unprecedentedly detailed images of the LAB, MLDs, crustal structure, and mantle velocities.…”

Section: Geophysical Research Lettersmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…Surface wave dispersion constrains absolute velocity with coarse depth resolution, while receiver functions precisely depict depths and amplitudes of velocity gradients. Together, these complementary data (e.g., Bodin et al., 2012) enable lithosphere‐scale imaging (Sections S1, S2, and S3 in Supporting Information ) with demonstrably improved resolution (Eilon et al., 2018; Petruska & Eilon, 2022; Shen & Ritzwoller, 2016). In this study, we obtained unprecedentedly detailed images of the LAB, MLDs, crustal structure, and mantle velocities.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 96%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Plate‐Scale Imaging of Eastern US Reveals Ancient and Ongoing Continental Deformation

Brunsvik,

Eilon,

Lynner

2024

Geophysical Research Letters

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Eastern North America was constructed over several Wilson cycles, culminating in the breakup of Pangea. Previous seismological imaging lacked the resolution to depict precisely how ancient tectonic boundaries manifest throughout the lithosphere, how continental breakup modified the plate, or how ongoing mantle dynamics shapes the continental margin. We present a high‐resolution, plate‐scale seismic tomography model of the eastern US by combining an unprecedented suite of complementary data sets in a Bayesian framework. These data provide detailed resolution from crust to asthenosphere, identifying the base of the lithosphere and mid‐lithospheric discontinuities. The plate thins in steps that align with ancient orogens. The lithospheric step at the Appalachian front is associated with cells of mantle upwellings, likely edge‐driven convection, that erode the base of the plate and shape modern Appalachian topography. Low‐velocity structures in the lithospheric‐mantle align with the Grenville front and may be remnants of Rodinia assembly.

show abstract

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Geophysical Research Lettersmentioning

confidence: 98%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 96%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Plate‐Scale Imaging of Eastern US Reveals Ancient and Ongoing Continental Deformation

Brunsvik,

Eilon,

Lynner

2024

Geophysical Research Letters

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Numerous geophysical techniques, such as receiver function analysis (Ahmed et al, 2013(Ahmed et al, , 2022Dugda et al, 2005;Ebinger et al, 2017;Hammond et al, 2011;Keranen et al, 2009;Kibret et al, 2019Kibret et al, , 2022Kibret et al, , 2023Lavayssière et al, 2018;Ogden et al, 2019Ogden et al, , 2023Stuart et al, 2006), inversion of seismic data including tomography (Alemayehu et al, 2023;Chambers et al, 2019;Eshetu et al, 2021;Kounoudis et al, 2023;Petruska & Eilon, 2022), controlled source seismic (Berckhemer et al, 1975;Maguire et al, 2006;Makris & Ginzburg, 1987) and gravity (Cornwell et al, 2006;Gedamu et al, 2020;Globig et al, 2016;Kassa et al, 2021;Lewi et al, 2016;Mahatsente et al, 1999;Mickus et al, 2007;Tedla et al, 2011;Tiberi et al, 2005;Woldetinsae & Götze, 2005), have been used to examine the crustal thickness in the region. According to these studies, crustal thickness varies substantially over the region, ranging from an average maximum depth of about 46 km beneath Northwestern Ethiopian Plateau (NWEP) to about 7 km in the GAR and even to less than 4 km in the RSR (e.g., Ahmed et al, 2013;Hammond et al, 2011;Keranen et al, 2009;Maguire et al, 2006).…”

Section: Crustal Structurementioning

confidence: 99%

Seamless Map of Depth to the Moho Interface in the Afro‐Arabian Region Using Gravity Data Derived From EGM2008

Lewi

2024

Geochem Geophys Geosyst

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The Afro‐Arabian region is one of the few places on land, where rifting processes at divergent plate boundaries can be thoroughly investigated. One of the crucial factors in understanding rifting processes involves assessing the crustal thickness. In this study, gravity data from the Earth Gravitational Model 2008 is used to create a seamless map of the depth to the Moho interface. Unlike many previous investigations that focused on specific localized areas, within the region, results from the current study provide a comprehensive view. The depth obtained from the current investigation aligns well with findings from earlier studies, exhibiting a bias of 0.69 km and a standard deviation of 3.89 km. Within the region, maximum and minimum depths to the Moho interface are observed beneath the northwest Ethiopian Plateau and the Gulf of Aden Rift (GAR), respectively. Analyzing profiles across the Red Sea, Main Ethiopian, and GARs, the study concluded that the Southern Main Ethiopian Rift is in an earlier stage of the rifting process, while the GAR is at an advanced stage. Furthermore, the interpretation of the current findings led to the inference that there might exist two potential plume tails driving the rifting process in the East Africa Rift—one originating from the Afar region and the other from South Kenya. This inference primarily relies on the isostatic compensation stages observed in the various rift systems throughout the region.

show abstract

“…They have been used to construct large-scale maps of the Moho over, for example, the whole United States (Crotwell, 2007) and China (Li et al, 2014). H-κ stacks can also provide complementary constraints to other data, for example surface waves, to vastly improve Earth models (e.g., Petruska and Eilon, 2021).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Radial Anisotropy in Receiver Function H-κ Stacks

Brunsvik,

Eilon

2023

Seismological Research Letters

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Receiver functions can be used to estimate the Moho depth (H) and ratio of P to S wavespeed (α/β or κ) in the crust. This is commonly done by grid search, forward modeling travel times to produce so-called “H-κ” stacks of receiver function amplitude. However, radial anisotropy in the crust, which can be significant, is almost never considered in this process. Here, we show that radial anisotropy changes the H-κ stack, biasing interpretations of crustal structure by introducing errors up to ∼3% in H and ∼1% in κ for commonly observed anisotropy magnitudes. We propose a simple method to correct H-κ stacks by incorporating radial anisotropy in the forward calculation. Synthetic tests show that this approach almost completely removes error caused by radial anisotropy. We show examples of this procedure with stations in the eastern United States. We provide readers with code to construct radially anisotropic H-κ stacks.

show abstract

Distributed Extension Across the Ethiopian Rift and Plateau Illuminated by Joint Inversion of Surface Waves and Scattered Body Waves

Cited by 5 publications

References 145 publications

Plate‐Scale Imaging of Eastern US Reveals Ancient and Ongoing Continental Deformation

Plate‐Scale Imaging of Eastern US Reveals Ancient and Ongoing Continental Deformation

Seamless Map of Depth to the Moho Interface in the Afro‐Arabian Region Using Gravity Data Derived From EGM2008

Radial Anisotropy in Receiver Function H-κ Stacks

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About