Distributed Energy as a Megatrend of Audit of Investment Processes of the Energy Complex

Abstract

The global trend is constantly increasing investments in strategic sectors of the economy, for example the electric power industry, which, in many countries, is becoming diversified and dispersed due to the multitude of entities investing in energy production and renewable resources, which leads to an increase in the heterogeneity of investment decisions. There is an urgent need to control the movement of investments, budget funds, as well as their development in the process of implementing investment programs of energy companies. The control of the movement of investments is the most promising direction of studying the subject of finance and audit. The increasing volume of public and private targeted investments in the energy sector and the lack of control over the effectiveness of investment projects (since each program contains several thousand lists of projects) necessitated the introduction of additional regulation of budget spending. The development of a mathematical apparatus for such regulation led to the creation in the Russian Federation of an institute of an independent public technological and price audit (TPA). The TPA is seen as a mechanism to ensure an effective project evaluation and selection process. This article describes methodological improvements using power system optimization models. The Integrated MARKAL-EFOM System (TIMES) was developed as part of the Energy Technology Systems Analysis Program of the IEA-ETSAP, an international community that uses long-term energy scenarios to conduct in-depth energy and environmental analyzes. This approach includes two different but complementary systematic approaches to energy modeling: an engineering approach and an economic approach. The same approach is used when conducting a TSA, when an investment object is evaluated as a set of technological and price parameters. The article considers a model of resource allocation in the energy sector and a mechanism for using TPA for investment projects with state participation in a natural monopoly. An approach to the financial and long-term distribution of investments of electric power companies based on the search for a balance of interests of the supplier and consumer and available energy sources is proposed. A model has been developed to find the optimal plan of technical solutions, taking into account the balance of the possibilities of the electric power industry and the needs of the economy. The relevance of the article is due to the requirements of investment efficiency, since the prevailing share in the costs is occupied by the costs of equipment and the construction of power plants.

Assessment of the Formation of the Economic Effect of Cross-Subsidization in the Electric Power Industry

“…In these conditions, mutual settlements of all consumers belonging to the same group pay the "boiler holder" for electricity transmission services at a single (boiler) tariff. Due to this, the "boiler holder" collects the necessary gross revenue of the network organizations included in the "boiler" and distributes it among adjacent network organizations through the use of individual tariffs, thereby ensuring the necessary volume of production, revenue and the corresponding share of profit of each of the network organizations required to cover their production costs [16,17].…”

Data–driven analysis of Romania's renewable energy landscape and investment uncertainties

“…Gryzunova has suggested that the approach to investment projects in the field of green energy must strike a balance between consumer demand and the feasibility of providing specialized installations [ 28 ]. Through their study in China regarding green public procurement, Zhang and Jiang found that they stimulate companies to pay attention to the types of energy they use in the production process [ 29 ].…”

“…According to Gryzunova, state governments establish development strategies in order to reduce costs, increase investments in the use of renewable energy sources. Russia's target scenario is for investments in this field to represent, in the period 2022–2030, 1% of GDP [ 28 ]. Lyu et al asserted that France has proposed, by law, to be zero GHG by 2050, giving up electricity generated with gas and coal [ 30 ].…”

Strategic Decision-Making for Multi-Period Fleet Transition Towards Zero-Emission: Preliminary Study

“…Moreover, all the investments needed to reach that balance by the end of the planning horizon are optimally distributed across the planning period, so that the total surplus is maximized. The MARKALbased framework was widely utilized to assess developmental directions and the velocity of technological transition mainly for the energy sector, also towards its decarbonization, in Canada [28,29], Switzerland [30], Malaysia [31], Russia [32], the UK [33][34][35][36], the USA [37,38], Austria [39], China [40][41][42][43], Portugal [44][45][46], Italy [47], Iran [48], Turkey [49], Kazakhstan [50], Ireland [51], Poland [52], Greece [53], and Bulgaria [39].…”