Distributed Acoustic Sensing Turns Fiber‐Optic Cables into Sensitive Seismic Antennas

Zhan, Zhongwen

doi:10.1785/0220190112

Cited by 196 publications

(111 citation statements)

References 83 publications

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“…The most commonly used technologies for seismic ground rotation sensing are fiber-optic Sagnac interferometry [ 20 ], micro-electro mechanical systems [ 21 ], small-scale finite differencing within a rigid configuration of translation sensors [ 22 ], and liquid-based electrochemical transducers [ 23 ]. The technology of distributed acoustic sensing (DAS) makes the observation of seismically induced axial strain in temporary field experiments possible [ 24 , 25 , 26 , 27 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rotation, Strain, and Translation Sensors Performance Tests with Active Seismic Sources

Bernauer

Behnen

Wassermann

et al. 2021

Sensors

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Interest in measuring displacement gradients, such as rotation and strain, is growing in many areas of geophysical research. This results in an urgent demand for reliable and field-deployable instruments measuring these quantities. In order to further establish a high-quality standard for rotation and strain measurements in seismology, we organized a comparative sensor test experiment that took place in November 2019 at the Geophysical Observatory of the Ludwig-Maximilians University Munich in Fürstenfeldbruck, Germany. More than 24 different sensors, including three-component and single-component broadband rotational seismometers, six-component strong-motion sensors and Rotaphone systems, as well as the large ring laser gyroscopes ROMY and a Distributed Acoustic Sensing system, were involved in addition to 14 classical broadband seismometers and a 160 channel, 4.5 Hz geophone chain. The experiment consisted of two parts: during the first part, the sensors were co-located in a huddle test recording self-noise and signals from small, nearby explosions. In a second part, the sensors were distributed into the field in various array configurations recording seismic signals that were generated by small amounts of explosive and a Vibroseis truck. This paper presents details on the experimental setup and a first sensor performance comparison focusing on sensor self-noise, signal-to-noise ratios, and waveform similarities for the rotation rate sensors. Most of the sensors show a high level of coherency and waveform similarity within a narrow frequency range between 10 Hz and 20 Hz for recordings from a nearby explosion signal. Sensor as well as experiment design are critically accessed revealing the great need for reliable reference sensors.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rotation, Strain, and Translation Sensors Performance Tests with Active Seismic Sources

Bernauer

Behnen

Wassermann

et al. 2021

Sensors

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“…The ultimate goal of this project is to understand the response of DAS fiber sensing arrays to particular events and use repeating signals to continuously monitoring environment and subsurface physical/chemical/biological changes. Similar to the Stanford array (Martin et al, 2019) and recent Pasadena array (Zhan, 2020), the Penn State FORESEE array continuously records DAS data along 5 km of dark underground telecommunication fibers for over one year since April 2019 (Zhu and Stensrud, 2019). This is the first deployment of a DAS dark fiber array in the Eastern US.…”

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confidence: 99%

Sensing earth and environment dynamics by telecommunication fiber-optic sensors: An urban experiment in Pennsylvania USA

Zhu¹,

Shen²,

Martin³

2020

Preprint

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Abstract. Continuous seismic monitoring of the Earth's near surface (top 100 meters), especially with improving the resolution and extent of data both in space and time, would yield more accurate insights about the effect of extreme weather events (e.g. flooding or drought) and climate change on the Earth's surface and subsurface systems. However, continuous long-term seismic monitoring, especially in urban areas, remains challenging. We describe the Fiber-Optic foR Environmental SEnsEing (FORESEE) project in Pennsylvania, United States, the first continuous monitoring distributed acoustic sensing (DAS) fiber array in the Eastern US. This array is made up of nearly 5 km of pre-existing dark telecommunications fiber underneath the Pennsylvania State University Campus. A major thrust of this experiment is the study of urban geohazard and hydrological systems through near-surface seismic monitoring. Here we detail the FORESEE experiment deployment, instrument calibration, and describe multiple observations of seismic sources in the first year. We calibrate the array by comparison to earthquake data from a nearby seismometer and to active-source geophone data. We observed a wide variety of seismic signatures in our DAS recordings: natural events (earthquakes and thunderstorms) and anthropogenic events (mining blasts, vehicles, music concerts, and walking steps). Preliminary analysis of these signals suggest DAS has the capability to sense broadband vibrations and discriminate between seismic signatures of different quakes and anthropogenic sources. With the success of collecting one-year of continuous DAS recordings, we conclude that DAS along with telecommunication fiber will potentially serve the purpose of continuous near-surface seismic monitoring in populated areas.

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“…A new class of seismic sensor based on optical fibre sensing technology is showing potential for both geophysical (Willis et al 2017), seismological (Zhan 2019) and mine monitoring (Wang et al 2018) applications. Distributed acoustic sensors (DAS) broadly consist of a fibre optic cable connected to an optical interrogator.…”

Section: Distributed Acoustic Sensingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Advances in seismic monitoring technologies

Goldswain¹

2020

Proceedings of the Second International Conference on Underground Mining Technology

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There have been several significant advances in seismic monitoring technologies and methods applied in mines in the past decade. Ranging from optical vibration sensors, through to low power and small footprint nodal sensor technologies, to imaging methods using induced seismicity and ambient noise. These new technologies and methods are starting to be applied to a range of applications in the underground mining environment. To support the ever-widening range of applications, seismic instrumentation and monitoring systems are evolving. We discuss some of the more significant developments, such as combining conventional sensors with more exotic sensors to produce hybrid sensors, and how nodal sensing technologies have inspired more portable and lower-power hardware. Some examples of recent products from the Institute of Mine Seismology (IMS) stable are presented to demonstrate these new acquisition technologies and finally, a few real-world application examples are presented which showcase how novel data collection and processing methodologies are being used in underground mines by IMS.

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Distributed Acoustic Sensing Turns Fiber‐Optic Cables into Sensitive Seismic Antennas

Cited by 196 publications

References 83 publications

Rotation, Strain, and Translation Sensors Performance Tests with Active Seismic Sources

Rotation, Strain, and Translation Sensors Performance Tests with Active Seismic Sources

Sensing earth and environment dynamics by telecommunication fiber-optic sensors: An urban experiment in Pennsylvania USA

Advances in seismic monitoring technologies

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