Distress, race/ethnicity and smoking cessation in treatment-seekers: implications for disparity elimination

Hooper, Monica Webb; Kolar, Stephanie K.

doi:10.1111/add.12990

Cited by 22 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 71 publications

(100 reference statements)

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“…There are established programs and interventions that have led to successful smoking cessation, aside from traditional pharmacological treatment, such as bupropion. Targeted strategies, specifically cognitive behavioral therapy, was successful in assisting African Americans to remain abstinent from smoking [71,72]. Other cognitive-based interventions, such as dispositional mindfulness, have assisted African Americans in quitting smoking and in increasing their social support [73].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Smoking Status and Well-Being of Underserved African American Older Adults

Bazargan

Cobb

Sandoval

et al. 2020

Behavioral Sciences

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Purpose: This study investigated the association between current and past cigarette smoking, with four domains of well-being, namely, physical quality of life, mental quality of life, depressive symptoms, and self-rated health status (SRH), among older African American adults who lived in economically impoverished areas of South Los Angles. Methods: This community-based cross-sectional study included a convenience sample of economically-disadvantaged African Americans adults (n = 740) who were 55 years old and older residing in South Los Angeles. We conducted in-depth face-to-face interviews to collect data on the socioeconomic status (level of education and fiscal pressures), demographic factors (age and gender), physical health (number of chronic medical conditions), smoking (never smokers (reference group), past smokers, and current smokers), and well-being (quality of life, depressive symptoms, and self-rated health). Linear regressions were used to analyze the data. Results: Over 21% reported that they are current smokers, compared with 31% who identified as former smokers. Almost 40% perceived the quality of their health status to be fair or poor. Compared with non-smokers, current cigarette smokers reported a worse physical quality of life, depressive symptoms, and self-rated health. Current smokers also reported a marginally worse mental quality of life.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Smoking Status and Well-Being of Underserved African American Older Adults

Bazargan

Cobb

Sandoval

et al. 2020

Behavioral Sciences

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“…However, clinic based studies do inform efforts to reduce disparities, as indicated by studies that provide support during the cessation process. 37,58 Overall abstinence rates (not just abstinence among attempters) varied considerably among the community/population-based cohort analyses. These studies use abstinence prevalence as their measures of quitting.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Some research has been done citing the importance and efficacy of developing skills to manage and reduce stress among African American smokers, such as through the use of cognitive behavioral therapy. 58 The provision of more intensive pharmacotherapy for those of lower SES may also be warranted. 78 At the policy level, the increase in smokefree multiunit housing regulations 79 may help reduce African American smoking rates, as African Americans are less likely than white smokers to have smoke-free homes.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Differences in Quit Attempts and Cigarette Smoking Abstinence Between Whites and African Americans in the United States: Literature Review and Results From the International Tobacco Control US Survey

Kulak¹,

Cornelius²,

Fong³

et al. 2016

NICTOB

106

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Results: Of 17 total analyses of quit attempts, nine (including the ITC US Survey) observed that African American smokers were more likely than whites to attempt to quit during a given year; seven found no differences. Whites were more likely than African Americans to be abstinent in five of six retrospective cohort analyses and in two of five considered community-and population-based cohort studies. Four of these 11 analyses, including one from the ITC US Survey, found no differences. Conclusions: Of 11 population-or community-based analyses, all seven that found significant differences indicated that whites were more likely to quit than African Americans. These findings, combined with the similar results from population-based birth cohort analyses, support the conclusion that white smokers are more likely to quit than African American smokers. Efforts to encourage and support quitting among all tobacco users remain a priority. Implications: This article provides a review of the literature on smoking cessation among African American and white smokers, and adds new analyses that compare quit attempts and abstinence between US African Americans and whites. Results demonstrate a clear distinction between the findings of cross-sectional and retrospective cohort studies with those of cohort studies. Reasons for these differences merit further study.

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“…15,34 Elevated levels of stress may can be attributed to several factors such as lower wages, more daily hassles, and stressful life events. 15,35 Social discrimination is also a commonly perceived stressor among African Americans and Latinos. 34 Perceived levels of stress and social discrimination have been associated with cancer burden and tobacco smoking.…”

Section: Cancer Preventionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tobacco-Related Health Disparities across the Cancer Care Continuum

et al. 2016

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Background Use of tobacco is the leading preventable cause of death in the United States. Racial/ethnic minorities and individuals of low socioeconomic status disproportionately experience tobacco-related disease and illness. Unique challenges and circumstances exist at each point in the cancer care continuum that may contribute to the greater cancer burden experienced by these groups. Methods We reviewed tobacco-related disparities from cancer prevention to cancer survivorship. We also describe research that seeks to reduce tobacco-related disparities. Results Racial/ethnic minorities and low-income individuals experience unique social and environmental contextual challenges such as greater environmental cues to smoke and greater levels of perceived stress and social discrimination. Clinical practice guidelines support the effectiveness of pharmacotherapy and behavioral counseling for racial and ethnic minorities, yet smoking cessation rates are lower in this group when compared with non-Hispanic whites. Superior efficacy for culturally adapted interventions has not yet been established. Conclusions To reduce health disparities in this population, a comprehensive strategy is needed with efforts directed at each point along the cancer care continuum. Strategies are needed to reduce the impact of contextual factors such as targeted tobacco marketing and social discrimination on smoking initiation and maintenance. Future efforts should focus on increasing the use of evidence-based cessation treatment methods and studying its effectiveness in these populations. Attention must also be focused on improving treatment outcomes by reducing smoking in diverse racial and ethnic patient populations.

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Distress, race/ethnicity and smoking cessation in treatment-seekers: implications for disparity elimination

Cited by 22 publications

References 71 publications

Smoking Status and Well-Being of Underserved African American Older Adults

Smoking Status and Well-Being of Underserved African American Older Adults

Differences in Quit Attempts and Cigarette Smoking Abstinence Between Whites and African Americans in the United States: Literature Review and Results From the International Tobacco Control US Survey

Tobacco-Related Health Disparities across the Cancer Care Continuum

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