Distraction Osteogenesis and Its Challenges in Bone Regeneration

Hamdy, Reggie C.; Rendon, Juan Sebastian; Tabrizian, Maryam

doi:10.5772/32229

Cited by 9 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 116 publications

(112 reference statements)

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“…Therefore, this neoplastic outgrowth was recognized as an osteophyte, more precisely an enthesophyte due to its relation with the MCL enthesis 5,10,36,38 . The evolution from blood infiltrate, presence of periosteal proliferation activity, development of a chondrophyte to mineralized osteophyte appears to be consistent with the evolution of osteophyte and also from bone repair as previously described 22,36,41 .…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 84%

“…It is, therefore, possible that the reaction induced by the mechanical insult to the periosteum provoked a bone healing response that could have been influenced by the presence of mechanical tension of nearby anatomical structures such as, in this case, the MCL, leading to endochondral ossification; whereas the periphery and surface of the osteophyte were undergoing intramembranous ossification due to less mechanical strain influence 15 . There was no clear evidence of a transchondroid ossification as described by Yasui et al and others 22,23,41 .…”

Section: Osteoarthritis Andcartilagementioning

confidence: 60%

“…Previous literature suggests that osteophytes can occur in asymptomatic joints and in early stage OA with no other observable alterations 8,9,38 that osteophyte arises from PDCs 14,16 that the periosteum response observed in osteophyte formation is analogous to bone repair such as in fracture healing 5,15 and that cellular responses are sensitive to mechanical strains 15,16,19 under mechanobiology process 40 especially present in DO 22,41,42 . The present study examined the microscopic effects of mechanical impact on the rat knee joint periosteum.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In bone repair and fracture healing, a mechanically-stable environment predisposes to intramembranous ossification, while a mechanically-instable environment leads to endochondral ossification of an initially formed cartilaginous callus 15 . In a more mechanically-constrained environment such as in distraction osteogenesis (DO), a third ossification type has been observed: the transchondroid ossification, characterized as a direct ossification of fibrous tissue 22,23 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Mechanically-induced osteophyte in the rat knee

Venne

Tse

Pang

et al. 2020

Osteoarthritis and Cartilage

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Objectives: Osteophytes are common anatomical signs of advanced osteoarthritis. It remains unclear whether they develop from physio-molecular, and/or mechanical stimuli. This study examined the effects of mechanical impact on the knee joint periosteum leading to osteophyte formation. Design: Eighteen mature rats received one single impact load of 53 N (30 MPa) to the periosteum of the experimental medial femoral condyles. Contralateral knees were used as controls. Animals were sacrificed at 24 h, 3, 6 and 9 weeks post-impact. Distal femurs were harvested and prepared for histology. Hematoxylin and Eosin, and Masson's trichrome stained slides were examined by light microscopy. Nuclear density was quantified to assess the tissue reaction. Results: 24 h: The synovium membrane, fibrous and cambium periosteum were damaged. Blood infiltration pooled in the impacted medial collateral ligament (MCL) region. Week 3: A cartilaginous tissue spur, chondrophyte, was found in every rat at the impacted site of the MCL. Chondrophytes were composed of fibrocartilage and cartilage matrix, with signs of cartilage mineralization and remodelling activity. Week 6: Chondrophytes presented signs of more advanced mineralisation, recognized as osteophytes. Week 9: Osteophytes appeared to be more mineralized with almost no cartilage tissue. Conclusions: Osteophytes can be induced with a single mechanical impact applied to the periosteum in rat knees. These data indicate that a moderate trauma to the periosteal layer of the joint may play a role in osteophyte development.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 84%

Section: Osteoarthritis Andcartilagementioning

confidence: 60%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Mechanically-induced osteophyte in the rat knee

Venne

Tse

Pang

et al. 2020

Osteoarthritis and Cartilage

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“…In humans we have the challenge to try to obtain healing by other means in an attempt to restore function and thus independence of the patient. Novel solutions have been developed in the past decades, including the discovery of antibiotics to fight infection, new surgical techniques and instrumentation to obtain full immobilization, and bone distraction osteogenesis as developed by Ilizarov [67,75]. In addition, impressive progress in our knowledge on the cell and developmental biology of bone as well as fracture healing has triggered the discovery of new growth and differentiation factors such as BMPs and the development of smart biomaterials.…”

Section: Cell-based Combination Products: Challenges and Perspectivesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Toward Advanced Therapy Medicinal Products (ATMPs) Combining Bone Morphogenetic Proteins (BMP) and Cells for Bone Regeneration

Bolander

Chai

et al. 2017

Bone Morphogenetic Proteins: Systems Biology Regulators

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Cell-based implants with or without osteoinductive biomolecules on optimal carrier materials as an advanced therapeutic medicinal product (ATMP) are a promising strategy for poorly healing long-bone defects. This chapter will focus on ATMPs combining bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) and progenitor cells for the clinical treatment of large bone defects in compromised environments. We describe BMP signaling involved in the process of bone fracture healing with specific emphasis on clinically relevant BMP ligands, followed by characterization and BMP responsiveness of progenitor cells obtained from different sources. Then we explore different biomaterials and their contribution to achieve optimal BMP release and osteoinduction. Finally, we provide a perspective on the applicability of ATMPs in bone repair by reviewing the preclinical studies carried out so far in various animal models. We believe the era of regenerative medicine has just started. Firstgeneration BMP and stem cell technologies have demonstrated that in the postnatal environment, one can successfully enhance the healing of damaged tissues by recapitulating the principles of developmental tissue formation. A second generation of products is needed that leads to successful bone healing in compromised environments.

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