Distortions of high frequency electrode impedance

Göhr, H; Mirnik, M.; Schiller, Carl-Albrecht

doi:10.1016/0368-1874(84)83586-8

Cited by 56 publications

(47 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…We also note that the transformation formulae given in ref [3] could be used to derive yet more forms of the two-terminal equivalent network shown in Figure 2, though none would be so elegant. Moreover, a conductive shunt could be used to decrease the size of the resistance 2 R , as pointed out in ref [4]. Overall, we emphasize that all the artefacts discussed in the present work arise in the cell and none in the potentiostat, and hence would still appear even if the potentiostat were perfect.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 57%

“…These turn out to be This important result can be summed up in one phrase: to avoid the inductive and capacitive artefacts, make everything small except 1 R . (By everything we mean the values of ω, 2 R , 3 R , 4 C , 5 C , and 6 C .) The value of 1 R , which should henceforth be treated as an experimental variable, and which can be varied by changing the electrode diameter, should be adjusted until it is roughly midway between the inequalities in Equation (11).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Another satisfying feature of Equation (11) is that the minimization of the values of ω, 2 R , 3 R , 4 C , 5 C , and 6 C is the same recommendation as that usually given to avoid the occurrence of artefacts in instrumentation such as potentiostats. So no compromises are needed in fulfilling these requirements.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Previous work on the theory of artefacts in three-terminal measurements is scant, but we make special mention of the earlier work of Göhr et al [2], whose theoretical results (in effect) describe certain fractions of the network shown in Figure 1. We also note that the transformation formulae given in ref [3] could be used to derive yet more forms of the two-terminal equivalent network shown in Figure 2, though none would be so elegant.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The other symbols have their conventional significations. 1 R is the sum of the resistances between the working electrode node and the tip of the Luggin capillary, 2 R is the sum of the resistances in the reference half-cell (including the interior of the Luggin probe itself), and 3 R is the sum of all the resistances between the tip of the Luggin capillary and the counter electrode node. The capacitances 4 C , 5 C , and 6 C are the unavoidable stray capacitances in the system.…”

Section: Fig 1 the Three-terminal Equivalent Network Of A Three-termentioning

confidence: 99%

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The two-terminal equivalent network of a three-terminal electrochemical cell

Fletcher

2001

Electrochemistry Communications

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The two-terminal equivalent network of a three-terminal electrochemical cell is derived. This reveals, in a particularly clear way, how various artefacts arise from the layout of the cell. It is found that the working electrode response appears in series with an inductive artefact, and both appear in parallel with a capacitive artefact. Advice is given on how to diminish the size of these artefacts.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 57%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Fig 1 the Three-terminal Equivalent Network Of A Three-termentioning

confidence: 99%

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The two-terminal equivalent network of a three-terminal electrochemical cell

Fletcher

2001

Electrochemistry Communications

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Analysis and Mitigation of Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy Artefacts in Four‐Electrode Cells: Model and Simulations

et al. 2015

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The capacitive and inductive artefacts in electrochemical impedance measurements with three‐electrode cells have been understood by including the physical‐treatment stray capacitances between electrodes. In our work, the same methodology was implemented and a general equivalent circuit for four‐electrode cells was built. Mathematical analysis of the impedance artefacts related to the stray capacitances, cell geometry, and reference (sensing) electrodes are presented. In agreement with previous experimental results, the use of a capacitor bridge and bypass‐modified reference (sensing) electrodes could be simulated to identify the parameters that are capable of minimizing the distortions of the impedance spectra. It was found that, in the four‐electrode configuration, the zero‐gap cell combined with bypass‐modified reference and sensing electrodes had the optimal minimization of the artefacts.

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Nanoarray‐Surfaces by Reconstitution of the Porin MspA into Stabilized Long‐Chain‐Lipid‐Monolayers at a Gold‐Surface

et al. 2006

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We have reconstituted the channel porin MspA from M. smegmatis on a gold electrode into a long-chain lipid monolayer resembling a biological membrane. The tailored deposition of the self-assembled monolayer (SAM) on gold was achieved by employing electrochemically initiated generation of thiyl-radicals from organic thiosulfates (Bunte-Salts), which then adsorb onto the golds surface. At surface coverage of the lipids of approximately 80%, MspA reconstituted efficiently from the aqueous buffer into the SAM. The combination of cyclic voltammetry (CV), electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), reflection electron microscopy (REM) and the formation of copper(0)-nanoparticles from copper(II)-ions inside the MspA-channels proved that MspA forms SAM-spanning ion channels on gold, keeping the electrode (surface) accessible through the pores.

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Distortions of high frequency electrode impedance

Cited by 56 publications

References 6 publications

The two-terminal equivalent network of a three-terminal electrochemical cell

The two-terminal equivalent network of a three-terminal electrochemical cell

Analysis and Mitigation of Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy Artefacts in Four‐Electrode Cells: Model and Simulations

Nanoarray‐Surfaces by Reconstitution of the Porin MspA into Stabilized Long‐Chain‐Lipid‐Monolayers at a Gold‐Surface

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