Distinguishing summertime atmospheric production of nitrate across the East Antarctic Ice Sheet

Shi, Guitao; Buffen, A.; Ma, Hongmei; Hu, Zhonghan; Sun, Bо; Li, Chen; Yu, Jie; Ma, Tingfeng; An, Chunlei; Jiang, Su; Li, Y.; Hastings, Meredith G.

doi:10.1016/j.gca.2018.03.025

Cited by 47 publications

(49 citation statements)

References 74 publications

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“…The inferred concentrations of H + are rather high, possibly related to the deposition of acids into snow (e.g., HNO 3 and H 2 SO 4 ), which is supported by previous investigations that HNO 3 dominates the total atmospheric NO 3 − pool on Antarctic plateaus during summertime (e.g., Dome C; Legrand et al, 2017). The average concentration of NO 3 − is 248 ng/g, similar to that of surface snow at Dome A (Shi et al, 2018). The difference in ion concentrations between S1 and S2 is generally <5%, with 0.8% for NO 3 − , indicating similar chemistry of the two samples and suggesting that the experimental snow was well homogenized.…”

Section: Experiments Snow Chemistrysupporting

confidence: 82%

“…The boxes were fully filled with snow, and the snow surface was scraped flat with a clean high-density polyethylene scraper. The snow density of 0.35 g/cm 3 is close to that for the top~10-cm layer at Dome A (Shi et al, 2018).…”

Section: Methodssupporting

confidence: 58%

“…Among the eight species of ions measured, the most abundant ion is NO 3 − , accounting for 23% of the total. The average concentration of NO 3 − is 248 ng/g, similar to that of surface snow at Dome A (Shi et al, 2018). The average concentration of NO 3 − is 248 ng/g, similar to that of surface snow at Dome A (Shi et al, 2018).…”

Section: Experiments Snow Chemistrymentioning

confidence: 54%

“…The snow density of 0.35 g/cm 3 is close to that for the top~10-cm layer at Dome A (Shi et al, 2018). The boxes were fully filled with snow, and the snow surface was scraped flat with a clean high-density polyethylene scraper.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 78%

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Isotope Fractionation of Nitrate During Volatilization in Snow: A Field Investigation in Antarctica

Shi

Chai

Zhu

et al. 2019

Geophysical Research Letters

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Several postdepositional processes impact snow nitrate; however, only the isotopic effects of nitrate photolysis have been quantified. Here we discuss results from experiments in field Antarctic snow investigating isotopic fractionation of nitrate due to volatilization. At −35 °C, concentration and isotopic composition of nitrate remained constant during the 16‐day experiment. At −24 °C, 7.5% of nitrate was lost, synchronous with 1.5‰ decrease in δ18O and a constant δ15N. At −4 °C, 38% of nitrate was lost, and δ15N and δ18O decreased by 3.1 and 1.8‰, respectively. Results at −4 °C yield calculated fractionation constants close to theoretical estimates including equilibrium isotopic exchange between nitric acid and nitrate and the desorption of nitric acid from water in quasi‐liquid layers. This suggests that isotopic fractionation associated with nitrate volatilization across most of Antarctica, especially at sites with temperatures <−24 °C, should be minor, but the isotopic effects at warmer sites should be considered in interpreting archived nitrate records.

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Section: Experiments Snow Chemistrysupporting

confidence: 82%

Section: Methodssupporting

confidence: 58%

Section: Experiments Snow Chemistrymentioning

confidence: 54%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 78%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Isotope Fractionation of Nitrate During Volatilization in Snow: A Field Investigation in Antarctica

Shi

Chai

Zhu

et al. 2019

Geophysical Research Letters

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“…This method is evaluated by computing relative closeness of the alternative and the ideal solution, and sorting according to the relative closeness. The higher closeness means the solution is close to the positive ideal solution, that is, the farther away from negative ideal solution, which is the best solution [36].…”

Section: Entropy Weight and Topsis Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Optimal Configuration with Capacity Analysis of a Hybrid Renewable Energy and Storage System for an Island Application

Tsai

Beza

et al. 2019

Energies

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The Philippines consists of 7100 islands, many of which still use fossil fuel diesel generators as the main source of electricity. This supply can be complemented by the use of renewable energy sources. This study uses a Philippine offshore island to optimize the capacity configuration of a hybrid energy system (HES). A thorough investigation was performed to understand the operating status of existing diesel generator sets, load power consumption, and collect the statistics of meteorological data and economic data. Using the Hybrid Optimization Models for Energy Resources (HOMER) software we simulate and analyze the techno-economics of different power supply systems containing stand-alone diesel systems, photovoltaic (PV)-diesel HES, wind-diesel HES, PV-wind-diesel HES, PV-diesel-storage HES, wind-diesel-storage HES, PV-wind-diesel-storage HES. In addition to the lowest cost of energy (COE), capital cost, fuel saving and occupied area, the study also uses entropy weight and the Technique for Order Preference by Similarity to an Ideal Solution (TOPSIS) method to evaluate the optimal capacity configuration. The proposed method can also be applied to design hybrid renewable energy systems for other off-grid areas.Energies 2020, 13, 8 2 of 28 energy may fulfill the low load requirements, while these systems need a significant energy storage for higher loads, resulting in high COE [17][18][19]. The other option to alleviate this problem is autonomous hybrid renewable energy systems (HRES) which combine two or more energy resources, to fulfill higher energy requirements of off-grid areas and resolve the inherent problem of single renewable energy (RE) resource [1,[20][21][22][23][24]. Furthermore, hybridization of energy sources increases the reliability of the system as the shortcomings of any component are compensated for by the selection of other but appropriate components and their sizing is essential during design of such systems [25][26][27]. Some of the hybrid energy systems with different storage technologies and performance measure criteria found in literatures are presented in Table 1 [ 12,28,29].

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Organic tracers from biomass burning in snow from the coast to the ice sheet summit of East Antarctica

Shi

Wang

et al. 2019

Atmospheric Environment

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Distinguishing summertime atmospheric production of nitrate across the East Antarctic Ice Sheet

Cited by 47 publications

References 74 publications

Isotope Fractionation of Nitrate During Volatilization in Snow: A Field Investigation in Antarctica

Isotope Fractionation of Nitrate During Volatilization in Snow: A Field Investigation in Antarctica

Optimal Configuration with Capacity Analysis of a Hybrid Renewable Energy and Storage System for an Island Application

Organic tracers from biomass burning in snow from the coast to the ice sheet summit of East Antarctica

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