Distinguishing Multiple Coding Levels in Theta Band Activity During Working Memory Gating Processes

Rempel, Sarah; Colzato, Lorenza S.; Zhang, Wenxin; Wolff, Nicole; Mückschel, Moritz; Beste, Christian

doi:10.1016/j.neuroscience.2021.09.025

Cited by 11 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 64 publications

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“…Contrasting the cGAN-generated and real Nogo amplitudes in the Nogo-P3 time window with source localization analysis revealed activation differences in the left anterior insular cortex (BA13) (Nogo real > Nogo generated ). Meta-analyses have shown the insular cortex to play an essential role in sensorimotor and cognitive processes 28 , 29 , especially in evaluative but also inhibitory processes during cognitive control 30 – 32 . Such evaluative aspects have also been suggested to be evident during response inhibition and are most likely reflected in the Nogo-P3 time window 14 , 24 , 27 , 33 , but this suggestion has also been questioned based on data from response interruption 34 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Conditional generative adversarial networks applied to EEG data can inform about the inter-relation of antagonistic behaviors on a neural level

et al. 2022

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Goal-directed actions frequently require a balance between antagonistic processes (e.g., executing and inhibiting a response), often showing an interdependency concerning what constitutes goal-directed behavior. While an inter-dependency of antagonistic actions is well described at a behavioral level, a possible inter-dependency of underlying processes at a neuronal level is still enigmatic. However, if there is an interdependency, it should be possible to predict the neurophysiological processes underlying inhibitory control based on the neural processes underlying speeded automatic responses. Based on that rationale, we applied artificial intelligence and source localization methods to human EEG recordings from N = 255 participants undergoing a response inhibition experiment (Go/Nogo task). We show that the amplitude and timing of scalp potentials and their functional neuroanatomical sources during inhibitory control can be inferred by conditional generative adversarial networks (cGANs) using neurophysiological data recorded during response execution. We provide insights into possible limitations in the use of cGANs to delineate the interdependency of antagonistic actions on a neurophysiological level. Nevertheless, artificial intelligence methods can provide information about interdependencies between opposing cognitive processes on a neurophysiological level with relevance for cognitive theory.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Conditional generative adversarial networks applied to EEG data can inform about the inter-relation of antagonistic behaviors on a neural level

et al. 2022

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“…There, WM gate opening is indicated by a switch from WM maintenance to updating, while WM gate closing is indicated by a switch from updating to maintenance. Previous studies using this paradigm consistently reported higher reaction time (RT) cost and lower accuracy cost in gate closing than in gate opening 3 , 11 – 13 . According to the prefrontal cortex basal ganglia working memory (PBWM) model, the default mode of the WM gate is the closed state (i.e., maintenance state).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 86%

“…The high RT cost in gate closing can be explained by the previous finding that switching from a more challenging task to an easier task takes longer than the other way around 14 . Neurophysiological evidence also suggests different patterns between WM gate opening and closing processes 4 , 10 , 11 . These differences are likely to be driven by the information representing a change from the goal of the immediate past to the goal evident in the current situation (trial).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Especially when applying temporal generalization MVPA suitable to examine when and for how long representations are activated, it is possible to distinguish activity patterns in the temporal generalization matrix with different conceptual implications 23 , 24 . The current study uses temporal generalization MVPA in a well-established experimental approach 3 , 11 , 12 to capture the representational dynamics of WM gate opening and closing processes on a neurophysiological (EEG) level. The representational dynamics is only possible to capture using MVPA 23 because more traditional event-related potentials (ERPs) cannot capture the full information being evident in the EEG signal (i.e., its multivariate nature) 28 , and no generalization of processes captured can be tested across time and content 23 , which is, however, necessary when being interested in cognitive constructs (e.g., working memory) where the temporal stability of a representation plays an essential role.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The representational dynamics is only possible to capture using MVPA 23 because more traditional event-related potentials (ERPs) cannot capture the full information being evident in the EEG signal (i.e., its multivariate nature) 28 , and no generalization of processes captured can be tested across time and content 23 , which is, however, necessary when being interested in cognitive constructs (e.g., working memory) where the temporal stability of a representation plays an essential role. However, when considering decoding the complex representations during WM gate opening and gate closing processes, it is essential to note that WM dynamics reflect distributed processes in multiple regions of the temporal, parietal, and prefrontal cortices 2 , 11 , 29 . These spatial properties of the EEG signal thus need to be considered in detail.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A ventral stream-prefrontal cortex processing cascade enables working memory gating dynamics

Rempel

Gholamipourbarogh

et al. 2022

Commun Biol

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The representation of incoming information, goals and the flexible processing of these are required for cognitive control. Efficient mechanisms are needed to decide when it is important that novel information enters working memory (WM) and when these WM ‘gates’ have to be closed. Compared to neural foundations of maintaining information in WM, considerably less is known about what neural mechanisms underlie the representational dynamics during WM gating. Using different EEG analysis methods, we trace the path of mental representations along the human cortex during WM gate opening and closing. We show temporally nested representational dynamics during WM gate opening and closing depending on multiple independent neural activity profiles. These activity profiles are attributable to a ventral stream-prefrontal cortex processing cascade. The representational dynamics start in the ventral stream during WM gate opening and WM gate closing before prefrontal cortical regions are modulated. A regional specific activity profile is shown within the prefrontal cortex depending on whether WM gates are opened or closed, matching overarching concepts of prefrontal cortex functions. The study closes an essential conceptual gap detailing the neural dynamics underlying how mental representations drive the WM gate to open or close to enable WM functions such as updating and maintenance.

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The metacontrol of event segmentation—A neurophysiological and behavioral perspective

Zhou,

Ghorbani,

Roessner

et al. 2024

Human Brain Mapping

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During our everyday life, the constant flow of information is divided into discrete events, a process conceptualized in Event Segmentation Theory (EST). How people perform event segmentation and the resulting granularity of encapsulated segments likely depends on their metacontrol style. Yet, the underlying neural mechanisms remain undetermined. The current study examines how the metacontrol style affects event segmentation through the analysis of EEG data using multivariate pattern analysis (MVPA) and source localization analysis. We instructed two groups of healthy participants to either segment a movie as fine‐grained as possible (fine‐grain group) or provided no such instruction (free‐segmentation group). The fine‐grain group showed more segments and a higher likelihood to set event boundaries upon scene changes, which supports the notion that cognitive control influences segmentation granularity. On a neural level, representational dynamics were decodable 400 ms prior to the decision to close a segment and open a new one, and especially fronto‐polar regions (BA10) were associated with this representational dynamic. Groups differed in their use of this representational dynamics to guide behavior and there was a higher sensitivity to incoming information in the Fine‐grain group. Moreover, a higher likelihood to set event boundaries was reflected by activity increases in the insular cortex suggesting an increased monitoring of potentially relevant upcoming events. The study connects the EST with the metacontrol framework and relates these to overarching neural concepts of prefrontal cortex function.

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Distinguishing Multiple Coding Levels in Theta Band Activity During Working Memory Gating Processes

Cited by 11 publications

References 64 publications

Conditional generative adversarial networks applied to EEG data can inform about the inter-relation of antagonistic behaviors on a neural level

Conditional generative adversarial networks applied to EEG data can inform about the inter-relation of antagonistic behaviors on a neural level

A ventral stream-prefrontal cortex processing cascade enables working memory gating dynamics

The metacontrol of event segmentation—A neurophysiological and behavioral perspective

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