Distinctive postprandial modulation of β cell function and insulin sensitivity by dietary fats: monounsaturated compared with saturated fatty acids

López, Sergio; Bermúdez, Beatriz; Pacheco, Yolanda M.; Villar, José R.; Abia, Rocı́o; Muriana, Francisco J.G.

doi:10.1093/ajcn/88.3.638

Cited by 134 publications

(107 citation statements)

References 43 publications

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“…In this study, postprandial insulin was significantly increased after 1 hour and continued to increase throughout the study period. Similarly, healthy men ingesting a fat‐enriched meal show increased postprandial concentrations of insulin and triglycerides, without significant changes in glucose 31. In this study, no dog displayed hyperinsulinemia or hyperglycemia in the fasting state and no differences were found in postprandial insulin response between groups.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 44%

Metabolic and Hormonal Response to a Feed‐challenge Test in Lean and Overweight Dogs

Söder

Wernersson

Hagman

et al. 2016

Veterinary Internal Medicne

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BackgroundObese dogs risk poor life quality, creating a need for increased knowledge of metabolism in overweight dogs.ObjectivesInvestigate postprandial metabolic and hormonal responses to a high‐fat mixed‐meal in dogs and responses of lean versus overweight dogs.AnimalsTwenty‐eight healthy intact male Labrador Retrievers were included.MethodsProspective observational study. Twelve dogs were grouped as lean (body condition score (BCS 4–5), 10 as slightly overweight (BCS 6), and 6 as overweight (BCS 6.5–8) on a 9‐point scale. After an overnight fast, urine and blood samples were collected. Dogs were then fed a high‐fat mixed‐meal, and blood was collected hourly for 4 hours and urine after 3 hours.ResultsPostprandial concentrations of insulin and glucagon were increased at 1 hour (both P < 0.0001), triglycerides at 2 hours (P < 0.0001), and glucose at 3 hours (P = 0.004); and all remained increased throughout the feed‐challenge in all dogs. Postprandial urine cortisol/creatinine ratio was higher than fasting values (P = 0.001). Comparing between groups, there was an overall higher triglyceride response in overweight compared to lean (P = 0.001) and slightly overweight (P = 0.015) dogs. Overweight dogs also had higher fasting cortisol/creatinine ratio compared to lean dogs (P = 0.024).Conclusions and Clinical ImportancePostprandial responses of dogs to a high‐fat mixed‐meal were similar to those previously reported in people. The higher postprandial triglyceride response and fasting cortisol/creatinine ratio in the overweight dogs could be early signs of metabolic imbalance. Thus, although overweight dogs often appear healthy, metabolic alterations might be present.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 44%

Metabolic and Hormonal Response to a Feed‐challenge Test in Lean and Overweight Dogs

Söder

Wernersson

Hagman

et al. 2016

Veterinary Internal Medicne

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“…The mechanism of this β-cell response is not known, although it has been suggested that an unknown FA metabolite (receptor) resulting from insulin action through SREBP-1c is involved 220 . A study showed that postprandial β-cell function and insulin sensitivity improved with increased proportion of MFA to SFA in dietary fat 221 . Also, population studies have shown a favourable relationship between MFA intake and β-cell insulin secretion 222 .…”

Section: Insulin Sensitivity and The Metabolic Syndromementioning

confidence: 99%

Fatty Acids as Biocompounds: Their Role in Human Metabolism, Health and Disease - A Review. Part 2: Fatty Acid Physiological Roles and Applications in Human Health and Disease

Kremmyda¹,

Tvrzická²,

Staňková³

et al. 2011

Biomed Pap Med Fac Univ Palacky Olomouc Czech Repub

152

134

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Background. This is the second of two review parts aiming at describing the major physiological roles of fatty acids, as well as their applications in specific conditions related to human health.Results. The review included the current literature published in Pubmed up to March 2011. In humans, fatty acids are a principle energy substrate and structural components of cell membranes (phospholipids) and second messengers. Fatty acids are also ligands of nuclear receptors affecting gene expression. Longer-chain (LC) polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), including eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), and arachidonic acid are precursors of lipid mediators such as eicosanoids (prostaglandins, leukotrienes, thromboxanes), resolvins and neuroprotectins. Lipid mediators produced by EPA and DHA (LC n-3 PUFA; mainly found in oily fish) are considered as inflammation-resolving, and thus, fish oil has been characterised as antiinflammatory. Recommendations for EPA plus DHA intake from oily fish vary between 250-450 mg/day. Dietary reference values for fat vary between nutrition bodies, but mainly agree on a low total and saturated fat intake. The existing literature supports the protective effects of LC n-3 PUFA (as opposed to n-6 PUFA and saturated fat) in maternal and offspring health, cardiovascular health, insulin sensitivity, the metabolic syndrome, cancer, critically ill patients, and immune system disorders.Conclusion. Fatty acids are involved in multiple pathways and play a major role in health. Further investigation and a nutrigenomics approach to the effects of these biocompounds on health and disease development are imperative and highlight the importance of environmental modifications on disease outcome.humans. Thus, these FA may be characterised as conditionally essential depending on EFA availability. Genetic variation in human desaturase genes affects FA metabolism, plasma lipid profiles, and risk of disease development [5][6][7] . Recommendations for minimum dietary intake of EPA plus DHA vary between 250-450 mg/day 8 , especially for pregnant women and those of reproductive age. Rich sources of LC n-3 PUFA are fish oils and the flesh of oily fish, whereas non-oily (white) fish contain them but in lower amounts.Long-chain PUFA with 18-20 carbon atoms, including EPA and AA, are precursors of eicosanoids (prostaglandins, leucotrienes and thromboxanes), which have a broad scale of regulatory, autocrine and paracrine effects. Long-chain PUFA with 20 and 22 carbon atoms are precursors of autacoids -resolvins (resolution phase interaction products), lipoxins and neuroprotectins 9 . FA are also ligands of nuclear receptors which take part in the subcellular control of metabolic pathways. Covalent modification of proteins by FA acylation enables their incorporation into membranes. Hydroxy FA are activators of some nuclear factors and are responsible for the expression of proinflammatory cytokines (interleukin (IL)-1,

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“…Most studies did not find a significant effect. [36][37][38][39][40] In our study, differences in blood glucose were observed after such short time (see Figure 1) where fat absorption had most likely not even started and thus fatty acids have not entered systemic distribution.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 59%

Effects of two different types of fast food on postprandial metabolism in normal and overweight subjects

2012

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A Ramel, FD Gudmundsdottir and I Thorsdottir BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: The aim was to investigate the effects of a conventional and an unconventional fast-food meal on postprandial metabolism in normal and in overweight subjects. SUBJECTS/METHODS: Twenty-five healthy normal (n ¼ 12) and overweight (n ¼ 13) volunteers (21-39 years) participated in this randomized, dietary cross-over study and received two test meals (matched in energy and energy giving nutrients) after an overnight fast with 1 week between test days. The conventional fast-food meal was a hamburger meal (hamburger, bacon, cola drink, calculated glycemic load ¼ 48.7), the unconventional fast food was a salmonburger meal (fiber-rich sourdough rye bread, salad with vinegar, orange juice, glycemic load ¼ 46.0). Blood samples were taken before and after the meal and analyzed for glucose (before 20, 40, 60 and 80 min) and insulin (before 1, 2 and 3 h). RESULTS: Postprandial increases in glucose and insulin were 44% lower after the unconventional meal (Po0.001 and P ¼ 0.003, respectively). The difference between meals in insulin response (that is, conventional meal higher than unconventional) correlated with body mass index (BMI) (r ¼ 0.538, P ¼ 0.006). CONCLUSIONS: Unconventional fast food can have less effect on blood insulin and glucose postprandially compared with conventional fast food matched in energy and energy giving nutrients. The difference between meals in insulin response is associated with higher BMI. Thus, improvement in food quality might help to control postprandial increases in blood glucose and blood insulin.

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Distinctive postprandial modulation of β cell function and insulin sensitivity by dietary fats: monounsaturated compared with saturated fatty acids

Abstract: The data presented here suggest that beta cell function and insulin sensitivity progressively improve in the postprandial state as the proportion of MUFAs with respect to SFAs in dietary fats increases.

Cited by 134 publications

References 43 publications

Metabolic and Hormonal Response to a Feed‐challenge Test in Lean and Overweight Dogs

Metabolic and Hormonal Response to a Feed‐challenge Test in Lean and Overweight Dogs

Fatty Acids as Biocompounds: Their Role in Human Metabolism, Health and Disease - A Review. Part 2: Fatty Acid Physiological Roles and Applications in Human Health and Disease

Effects of two different types of fast food on postprandial metabolism in normal and overweight subjects

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