Distinctive Microcirculation of Brain During Cerebral Perfusion by Observation With a CCD Microscope

Experimental studies on morphological changes of microcirculation of DMN‐induced liver cirrhosis after normothermic ischemia with charge‐coupled device microscope

“…The CCD microscope can make it possible to observe the microcirculation of the tissue 9 . Yada 25 , Furusawa 26 and Yamamoto 27 all reported on its use for studying in vivo microcirculation, including the subendocardial tissues of the heart, surface of the brain, and surface of the kidney, respectively. In our study, in vivo microcirculation of the cirrhotic liver was observed in preischemia and after reperfusion with a pencil lens‐probe CCD microscope.…”

Is Maintenance of Cerebral Hypothermia the Principal Mechanism by which Retrograde Cerebral Perfusion Provides Better Brain Protection than Hypothermic Circulatory Arrest?. A Study in a Porcine Model

“…Theoretically, RCP can (1) provide nutrients to the brain to sustain some degree of cerebral metabolic activity, (2) provide blood flow to the brain to remove toxins, (3) maintain cerebral hypothermia during HCA, and (4) remove cerebral emboli 4 . Studies by others and us have demonstrated that RCP provides limited blood flow to the brain, ranging from 1% to 10% of the normal cerebral blood flow 5–7 . Our most recent study has demonstrated that use of relatively high perfusion pressure during RCP improves flow to brain tissue and provides brain protection 8 .…”

Retrograde cerebral perfusion: clinical and experimental aspects

“…Both ovine and porcine studies of RCP using central caval delivery suggest that only a fraction (<5%) of flow actually reaches the cerebrum. 45,46 In pigs, Furuzawa et al 47 studied cortical blood flow directly and noted real, but uneven, reversed cortical flow. Other workers have consistently demonstrated in canine models that RCP delivers 5-16% of actual cerebral blood flow provided by antegrade perfusion techniques.…”