Distinctive features of bovine alphaherpesvirus types 1 and 5 and the virus-host interactions that might influence clinical outcomes

What about the bull? A systematic review about the role of males in bovine infectious infertility within cattle herds

“…Our review identified microorganism not traditionally associated with cattle infertility, e.g. BoHV-5 ( Marin et al., 2020 ) ( Table 2 ). Thus, it is necessary to investigate the true impact of these microorganisms, which may act as primary or secondary agents, on bull infertility and the potential role of bulls as carriers in certain cases.…”

“…The virus can be transmitted by males, including through artificial insemination ( Givens, 2018 ). For BoHV-4, there is a strong correlation of virus infection with postpartum metritis and abortion ( Kruger et al., 2015 ), whereas BoHV-5 is responsible for meningoencephalitis in calves ( Marin et al., 2020 ). There is a lack of information concerning the exact role of BoHV-4 and BoHV-5 in bull infertility or their transmission to females by natural breeding or artificial insemination ( Table 2 ), despite the fact that they were described as the cause of infertility in certain papers ( Aslan et al., 2015 ).…”

BoHV‐1 affects abortion and progesterone in dairy cows Bovine alphaherpesvirus 1 (BoHV‐1) seropositivity, progesterone levels and embryo loss of 30‐day‐old pregnant dairy cows in Zagros Industrial Dairy Farm in Shahrekord: Examination and analysis

“…Clinical BoHV‐1 infection symptoms, such as respiratory syndromes, genital infections, and neurological problems, depend on the characteristics of different subtypes (Graham., 2013 ). BoHV‐1 is spread by contact with mucosal droplets from infected animals (Marin et al., 2020 ). After the initial infection, the virus may stay dormant in some nervous system ganglia and escape after being reactivated.…”

“…Along with impacting the health and welfare of animals, it also results in significant production losses because of higher indirect expenses related to veterinarian diagnosis, decreased dairy output, weight loss and mortality. Since BoHV‐1 may infect various hosts, it significantly impacts the animal trade and costs the international cattle business more than $3 billion yearly (Marin et al., 2020 ; Miller et al, 1985 ).…”