Distinction between rhinovirus‐induced acute asthma and asthma‐augmented influenza infection

Abstract

In children with respiratory symptoms and/or fever, RV but not IFV is associated with wheeze and an asthma-like presentation. In those with an asthma history, IFV causes more generalised and severe disease that may be better described as "asthma-augmented influenza" rather than an "asthma attack." Differences in the acute conditions caused by these viruses should be considered in the design of epidemiological studies.

Bacteriophage deficiency characterizes respiratory virome dysbiosis in childhood asthma

“…The microbial colonisation of the nasal cavity and nasopharynx in early life has been linked with wheeze episodes and progression to asthma, potentially mediated through resistance or susceptibility to acute respiratory infections during childhood 18-22 . Compared to cellular microbes, respiratory viruses are currently considered the most important drivers of asthma development, exacerbation and persistence [23][24][25][26][27] . Upper respiratory viruses, most importantly rhinoviruses (RV), are strongly implicated in the induction of airway hyperresponsiveness and airway remodelling 1,4, [28][29][30][31] . Impairment of innate immune responses in children with asthma results in defective pathogen recognition, impaired interferon release and suboptimal antiviral responses 32,33 , and drives the development of biased T2 inflammation 32,33 .…”

RNA Sequencing of H3N2 Influenza Virus-Infected Human Nasal Epithelial Cells from Multiple Subjects Reveals Molecular Pathways Associated with Tissue Injury and Complications

“…Additionally, we need greater clarity on the different immune responses in view of the rising prevalence of chronic diseases such as diabetes mellitus and asthma. Patients with these disorders are especially susceptible to severe influenza complications compared to healthy subjects [12]. Thus, the establishment of a baseline response against influenza infection of “healthy” tissue is beneficial to facilitate future comparative studies to better manage influenza in patients with co-morbidities.…”

Developments in the mechanisms of allergy in 2018 through the eyes of Clinical and Experimental Allergy, Part I

“…Karayama tested how respiratory impedance relates to airway narrowing by imaging the asthmatic airways using quantitative computed tomography. 81 The authors found that while respiratory resistance was correlated with reduced airway calibre in adults with asthma, respiratory reactance was not. Notably, respiratory impedance provided a sensitive tool, given that altered airway structure in lower branching bronchi and impaired impedance were present in those asthmatics who had normal spirometry.…”