Distinct temporal dynamics of planktonic archaeal and bacterial assemblages in the bays of the Yellow Sea

Abstract

The Yellow Sea features unique characteristics due to strong tides and nutrient-enriched freshwater outflows from China and Korea. The coupling of archaeal and bacterial assemblages associated with environmental factors at two bay areas in the Yellow Sea was investigated. Temporal variations of the archaeal and bacterial assemblages were shown to be greater than the spatial variations based on an analysis of the 16S rRNA gene sequences. Distinct temporal dynamics of both planktonic archaeal and bacterial assemblages was associated with temperature, NO 2 - , and chlorophyll a ([chl- a ]) concentrations in the bays of the Yellow Sea. The [chl- a ] was the prime predictor of bacterial abundance, and some taxa were clearly correlated with [chl- a ]. Bacteroidetes and Alpha-proteobacteria dominated at high [chl- a ] stations while Gamma-proteobacteria (esp. SAR86 clade) and Actinobacteria ( Candidatus Actinomarina clade) were abundant at low [chl- a ] stations. The archaeal abundance was comparable with the bacterial abundance in most of the October samples. Co-dominance of Marine Group II (MGII) and Candidatus Nitrosopumilus suggests that the assimilation of organic nitrogen by MGII could be coupled with nitrification by ammonia-oxidizing archaea. The distinct temporal dynamics of the archaeal and bacterial assemblages might be attributable to the strong tides and the inflow of nutrient-rich freshwater.

Genome-Resolved Metagenomic Insights into Massive Seasonal Ammonia-Oxidizing Archaea Blooms in San Francisco Bay

“…Schaefer and Hollibaugh ( 36 ) found peak nitrite occurring in late summer into early fall, driven by warmer temperatures between 20 and 30°C. AOA blooms have been observed in estuaries and coastal bays in the late summer ( 37 ), fall ( 40 , 52 ), and winter ( 53 ) and after wind events that cause vertical mixing, bringing oxygenated waters into deeper, ammonium-rich waters ( 46 ). In another example, in two bays of the Yellow Sea, high Nitrosopumilus -like OTU abundance was concomitant with euryarchaeal blooms in October, suggesting that euryarchaeal heterotrophy could provide ammonia for ammonia oxidation ( 52 ).…”

Response of the bacterioplankton composition to inorganic nutrient loading and phytoplankton in southern Korean coastal waters: A mesocosm study

“…(1999). In general, marine diatom is predominant taxa when nutrient loading occurs around KCW in summer (Baek et al., 2019; Kim, Gwak, et al., 2019; Kim, Kim, et al., 2019). Thus, to more accurately evaluate response of bacterioplankton communities to nutrient loading in KCW, we added silicate (+Si; 30 µM,) into both the control and treatments to prevent the side‐effect of silicate shortage on phytoplankton communities.…”

“…The nutrient loading treatments were performed in accordance with modified Fisher et al (1999). In general, marine diatom is predominant taxa when nutrient loading occurs around KCW in summer (Baek et al, 2019;Kim, Gwak, et al, 2019;.…”

“…However, these methods often provide insufficient coverage to describe and compare actual microbial communities in the field (Curtis et al., 2006). On the other hand, the more recently developed pyrosequencing method, which allows the simultaneous collection of thousands of sequences from a large number of samples (Andersson et al., 2008; Angly et al., 2016; Hamady, Walker, Harris, Gold, & Knight, 2008; Zhang, Deng, Xie, & Jiao, 2016), can provide a more comprehensive understanding of microbial community structure in environmental samples (Herlemann et al., 2011; Kim, Gwak, et al., 2019; Kim, Kim, et al., 2019; Sogin et al., 2006).…”

Ubiquitousness of Haloferax and Carotenoid Producing Genes in Arabian Sea Coastal Biosystems of India

“…The predominance of yellow-pigmented isolates, especially in the seashore, manifest the occurrence of both autotrophs and heterotrophs in the marine biosystems, which require such pigments to adapt to adverse environmental conditions such as high salinity, radiation, pH, and temperature [ 47 , 48 , 49 , 50 , 51 , 52 ]. The predominance of yellow-pigmented isolates could also be explained by the abundance of silica and calcium in the seashore that facilitates absorption of nutrients due to the large surface area that helps develop a diverse microbial community [ 53 ].…”