Functionalization by amine groups
has been recognized as an effective route to promote the gas capture
and separation performance of MOF materials; however, it remains elusive
to date what is the optimal number of functional amine groups and
which specific MOFs are suitable to be functionalized. To answer these
questions, systemic investigations on the interactions between gas
molecules and NH2-functionalized MOFs are necessary. Here
a microporous Zn-F-triazolate framework which can be easily decorated
by different −NH2 groups is selected (Zn-F-TRZ, Zn-F-ATRZ, and Zn-F-DATRZ; TRZ = 1,2,4-triazole,
ATRZ = 3-amino-1,2,4-triazole, DATRZ = 3,5-diamino-1,2,4-triazole)
to discuss the effect of amine groups on CO2 and C1/C2
hydrocarbon capture and separation. When the pressure is lower than
about 0.15 atm, the CO2 uptakes increase directly with
the number of anime groups (Zn-F-TRZ < Zn-F-ATRZ < Zn-F-DATRZ). However, at 1 atm, the decoration
of one amine group effectively improves the CO2 adsorption
of the Zn-F-triazolate framework, and the addition of a second amine
group clearly decreases the CO2 uptakes. A similar uptake
trend has been observed for C1/C2 hydrocarbons except for C2H2, which decrease dramatically with the number of amine
groups. These results show that the combination of amine functional
groups and appropriate pore size is responsible for the low-pressure
binding and uptake of CO2 and C1/C2 hydrocarbon molecules
in Zn-F-triazolate MOFs. Furthermore, thanks to the functionalization
by amine groups, these Zn-F-triazolate frameworks all show excellent
gas separation performance. Especially, the initial C2H2/CH4 selectivity (107.0) for Zn-F-ATRZ and initial CO2/CH4 (115.7), C2H4/CH4 (78.9), and CO2/C2H2 (5.9) selectivities for Zn-F-DATRZ at
room temperature all surpass those of most of the MOFs reported up
to now.