Distinct subsets of neutrophils crosstalk with cytokines and metabolites in patients with sepsis

OMIP‐100: A flow cytometry panel to investigate human neutrophil subsets

“…OMIP‐094 is a broad human immunophenotyping panel that can discriminate the CD177 neutrophil subset. While not an OMIP, this year data were published on whole blood neutrophils in sepsis utilizing a multicolor panel for the BD FACS Symphony cytometer with several markers in common to this OMIP [14].…”

“…Traditionally considered to be just short-lived cells that are preprogrammed to carry out the above functions before undergoing apoptotic clearance, neutrophils have recently been recognized for their capacity to extend their lifespan [3] and display profound transcriptional plasticity, leading to the acquisition of novel functions such as the modulation of adaptive immunity [4][5][6][7]. Key studies have identified novel activation marker expression or preferential activity of neutrophil subsets in response to infection [8][9][10][11][12], sepsis [13][14][15],…”

“…autoimmune disease [16,17], and cancer [18][19][20], with sepsis being perhaps the most extreme pathological case for changes and creation of circulating neutrophil subsets that can be linked to sepsis outcomes [14]. However, changes in conventional neutrophil maturity/ ontogeny markers [21,22] are also seen during priming, transmigration, and activation, which have been linked to functional responses or disease states [23,24].…”

“…Traditionally considered to be just short‐lived cells that are pre‐programmed to carry out the above functions before undergoing apoptotic clearance, neutrophils have recently been recognized for their capacity to extend their lifespan [3] and display profound transcriptional plasticity, leading to the acquisition of novel functions such as the modulation of adaptive immunity [4–7]. Key studies have identified novel activation marker expression or preferential activity of neutrophil subsets in response to infection [8–12], sepsis [13–15], autoimmune disease [16, 17], and cancer [18–20], with sepsis being perhaps the most extreme pathological case for changes and creation of circulating neutrophil subsets that can be linked to sepsis outcomes [14]. However, changes in conventional neutrophil maturity/ontogeny markers [21, 22] are also seen during priming, transmigration, and activation, which have been linked to functional responses or disease states [23, 24].…”

Research progress of NETs-mediated endothelial cell dysfunction in sepsis

“…NETs can destroy the glycocalyx of endothelial cells, leading to increased endothelial permeability, exposure of endothelial cell adhesion molecules, further triggering inflammatory cascade reaction and adhesion of leukocytes and platelets, resulting in inflammatory disorders, microcirculatory blood Impaired blood flow, tissue hypoperfusion, and life-threatening organ failure. The glycocalyx also contains extracellular superoxide dismutase (SOD3), which protects endothelial cells from oxidative stress [16] .…”