2011
DOI: 10.1007/s10803-011-1314-x
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Distinct Plasma Profile of Polar Neutral Amino Acids, Leucine, and Glutamate in Children with Autism Spectrum Disorders

Abstract: The goal of this investigation was to examine plasma amino acid (AA) levels in children with Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD, N = 27) and neuro-typically developing controls (N = 20). We observed reduced plasma levels of most polar neutral AA and leucine in children with ASD. This AA profile conferred significant post hoc power for discriminating children with ASD from healthy children. Furthermore, statistical correlations suggested the lack of a typical decrease of glutamate and aspartate with age, and a non-… Show more

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Cited by 68 publications
(73 citation statements)
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“…Social subscale scores on the ADI-R were correlated with glutamate (I.e., higher serum glutamate associated with poorer social ability). Three more recent studies using case controls have also reported significantly increased plasma glutamate (Tirouvanziam et al 2011; Shimmura et al 2011; Hassan et al 2013). Only a single early study of plasma glutamate levels has failed to report increases in autism - Rolf et al (1993) reported reduced glutamate in platelet rich samples from 18 individuals with autism.…”
Section: Elevated Blood Plasma and Serum In Autismmentioning
confidence: 88%
“…Social subscale scores on the ADI-R were correlated with glutamate (I.e., higher serum glutamate associated with poorer social ability). Three more recent studies using case controls have also reported significantly increased plasma glutamate (Tirouvanziam et al 2011; Shimmura et al 2011; Hassan et al 2013). Only a single early study of plasma glutamate levels has failed to report increases in autism - Rolf et al (1993) reported reduced glutamate in platelet rich samples from 18 individuals with autism.…”
Section: Elevated Blood Plasma and Serum In Autismmentioning
confidence: 88%
“…Studies on GLU levels in the plasma of patients with ASD compared to healthy controls (HCs) are contradictory, with some reporting increased levels (Moreno-Fuenmayor et al 1996; Aldred et al 2003; MacDermot et al 2005; Shimmura et al 2011; Tirouvanziam et al 2011; Naushad et al 2013; El-Ansary and Al-Ayadhi 2014; Cai et al 2016) and some decreased levels (El-Ansary 2016). In addition, increased levels have been reported in serum (Shinohe et al 2006) and decreased levels in platelets (Rolf et al 1993) and urine samples (Evans et al 2008; Yap et al 2010; Nadal-Desbarats et al 2014).…”
Section: Glutamate (Glu)mentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Glutamic acid decarboxylase, an enzyme that catalyzes the decarboxylation of glutamate to GABA, has also been reported to be reduced in parietal and cerebellar cortices of individuals with autism (9). Finally, increases in glutamate levels in serum (10, 11) and cerebrospinal fluid (12, 13) have also been observed in children with autism.…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 97%