Distinct Patterns of PPARγ Promoter Usage, Lipid Degradation Activity, and Gene Expression in Subcutaneous Adipose Tissue of Lean and Obese Swine

Abstract

Subcutaneous adipose tissue is a loose connective tissue specializing in the regulation of energy storage and metabolization. In domesticated pigs (Sus scrofa), the temporal development of subcutaneous adipose tissue is critical for meat production. However, the regulation of adipose tissue development remains unclear. Here, the subcutaneous adipose tissue development was characterized and compared in lean (Danish-Landrace) and obese (Min) pigs at juvenile and the juvenile-to-adult growth stages. Using RNA sequencing, we profiled the transcriptome of subcutaneous adipose tissue isolated from 4- and 16-week-old pigs and identified 24,718 expressed transcription units. Of them, 6327 genes were differentially expressed between the breeds and/or developmental stages. Compared with obese pigs, upregulated genes in lean pigs showed significant function and pathway enrichment in fatty acid degradation and mitochondrial functions. Further analysis uncovered the distinct usage preferences of the three alternative peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ) promoters associated with the development of subcutaneous adipose tissue in both breeds. Transcriptome analysis of subcutaneous adipose tissue in lean and obese pigs suggested that marker-assisted selection of fatty acid degradation and PPARγ signaling pathways could be important directions for future pork quality improvement and modern breeding.

Lipid Deposition and Metabolism in Local and Modern Pig Breeds: A Review

“…A study on several Chinese breeds as compared to Yorkshire breeds revealed upregulated expression of genes associated with immune response, oxidoreductase activity and biosynthetic process (e.g., acetyl-CoA biosynthetic process), whereas the expression of genes involved in fat oxidation was lower [89]. The study of Song et al [90] showed that genes associated with fatty acid degradation, mitochondrial functions and oxidoreductase activity were downregulated in indigenous Min pigs compared to in modern Landrace pigs. Similarly, genes related to mitochondrial energy and electron transport pathways were also downregulated in local Basque pigs compared to in Large White pigs [72].…”

Complete mitochondrial genome of Min pig in nucleus herd

“…Min pig (Sus scrofa), a local breed in Northeastern China, has been characterized as prolific (14.35 piglets per birth) and a source of good meat, and has a strong resistance to poor feed quality and cold climate (Wang et al 2002;Song et al 2018). Furthermore, its good maternal temperament is another outstanding characteristic of the Min pig breed (Wang et al 2002).…”

“…2002 ; Song et al. 2018 ). Furthermore, its good maternal temperament is another outstanding characteristic of the Min pig breed (Wang et al.…”

Effect of extracorporeal shock wave therapy on keratinocytes derived from human hypertrophic scars

“…Several previous studies both in vitro and vivo have shown an anti-inflammatory mechanism of ESWT, which treatment inhibited NF-κB activation and decreased oxygen radical production, leukocyte infiltration, chemokine expression, and pro-inflammatory cytokine expression 9 – 11 . In recent our study, shown ESWT down-regulated transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGF-β1) expression and reversed epithelial mesenchymal transition (EMT) in fibroblast derived from HTS 12 . The signal transduction associated with above events by ESWT is not clear.…”

“…Previously, we reported the therapeutic effects of ESWT on scar pain and pruritus in burn patients with hypertrophic scar 19 , 20 , and showed that treatment changed the levels of hypertrophic scar-related molecules in fibroblasts derived from hypertrophic scars 12 . Examining the effect of extracorporeal shock waves on keratinocytes derived from hypertrophic scar tissue at the molecular level will provide important evidence about the effectiveness of this therapy for hypertrophic scar treatment.…”