Distinct neural activations correlate with maximization of reward magnitude versus frequency

Balasubramani, Pragathi Priyadharsini; Diaz-Delgado, Juan; Grennan, Gillian; Alim, Fahad; Zafar-Khan, Mariam; Maric, Vojislav; Ramanathan, Dhakshin; Mishra, Jyoti

doi:10.1093/cercor/bhac482

Cited by 12 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 117 publications

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“…We applied a uniform processing pipeline to all EEG data published in several of our studies [ 43 , 45 , 46 , 48 - 53 ]. This included (1) EEG channel data processing and (2) cortical source localization of the EEG data to estimate source-level neural activity.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Design and Implementation of a Brief Digital Mindfulness and Compassion Training App for Health Care Professionals: Cluster Randomized Controlled Trial

Jaiswal,

Purpura,

Manchanda

et al. 2024

JMIR Ment Health

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Background Several studies show that intense work schedules make health care professionals particularly vulnerable to emotional exhaustion and burnout. Objective In this scenario, promoting self-compassion and mindfulness may be beneficial for well-being. Notably, scalable, digital app–based methods may have the potential to enhance self-compassion and mindfulness in health care professionals. Methods In this study, we designed and implemented a scalable, digital app–based, brief mindfulness and compassion training program called “WellMind” for health care professionals. A total of 22 adult participants completed up to 60 sessions of WellMind training, 5-10 minutes in duration each, over 3 months. Participants completed behavioral assessments measuring self-compassion and mindfulness at baseline (preintervention), 3 months (postintervention), and 6 months (follow-up). In order to control for practice effects on the repeat assessments and calculate effect sizes, we also studied a no-contact control group of 21 health care professionals who only completed the repeated assessments but were not provided any training. Additionally, we evaluated pre- and postintervention neural activity in core brain networks using electroencephalography source imaging as an objective neurophysiological training outcome. Results Findings showed a post- versus preintervention increase in self-compassion (Cohen d=0.57; P=.007) and state-mindfulness (d=0.52; P=.02) only in the WellMind training group, with improvements in self-compassion sustained at follow-up (d=0.8; P=.01). Additionally, WellMind training durations correlated with the magnitude of improvement in self-compassion across human participants (ρ=0.52; P=.01). Training-related neurophysiological results revealed plasticity specific to the default mode network (DMN) that is implicated in mind-wandering and rumination, with DMN network suppression selectively observed at the postintervention time point in the WellMind group (d=–0.87; P=.03). We also found that improvement in self-compassion was directly related to the extent of DMN suppression (ρ=–0.368; P=.04). Conclusions Overall, promising behavioral and neurophysiological findings from this first study demonstrate the benefits of brief digital mindfulness and compassion training for health care professionals and compel the scale-up of the digital intervention. Trial Registration Trial Registration: International Standard Randomized Controlled Trial Number Registry ISRCTN94766568, https://www.isrctn.com/ISRCTN94766568

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Design and Implementation of a Brief Digital Mindfulness and Compassion Training App for Health Care Professionals: Cluster Randomized Controlled Trial

Jaiswal,

Purpura,

Manchanda

et al. 2024

JMIR Ment Health

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“…Urgent climate action is the need of the hour, but as individual persons and organizations, we focus on immediate short-term benefits, and shy away from sacrifices that are needed for long-term sustainability. In one of our other recent studies of how humans process rewards [12], we gave people the choice of two decks. One deck led to frequent short-term small value Brain activity correlates of human performance when choosing long-term payoff show medial brain region activations, especially in memory processing areas (encircled in left column).…”

Section: Competing Interestsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Non-encircled colored brain activity is significant on the payoff task but doesn't directly correlate with performance. Different colors denote different oscillatory frequencies of brain signals; dark blue: 3-7 Hz theta band, brown: 8-12 Hz alpha band, cyan: 13-30 Hz beta band [12]. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pclm.0000233.g001…”

Section: Competing Interestsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Harnessing the mental imprints of climate change for collective climate action

Mishra

Ramanathan

2023

PLOS Clim

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Early this year, the United Nations made an ominous announcement: There is a rapidly closing window of opportunity to secure a livable and sustainable future for all.Planetary warming and extremes thus far have already impacted ~5 billion people [1,2]. Despite such global impacts, fossil fuels-the major source of the warming-are still contributing 78.5% of global energy [3]. Without drastic actions to phase out carbon emissions within two decades, time will run out [4].The overall goal is to bend the warming curve before 2050 and keep the warming well below 2˚C [3,4]. Yet, a major stumbling block is the lack of massive bipartisan support for drastic actions. Can the burgeoning health impacts of climate change provide the needed opening to garner support?Human health is directly as well as indirectly impacted by the same pollution sources that are heating the planet [2,5]. Air pollution from fossil fuels leads to as many as 10 million deaths each year [6]. In addition, over a 20-year period (1995 to 2015), weather disasters have left 4.1 billion people injured, homeless or in need of emergency assistance [7]. Worldwide, heat-related deaths have increased by 68% in the last 20 years [8]. If these are not enough reasons for concern, another major dimension of health risk is emerging, and this concerns the impacts of global warming and related weather extremes on mental health [9].With regard to mental health, we are just starting to define and understand the dangerous implications of climate trauma [9,10]. We are witnessing emerging mental health challenges such as ecological grief and eco-anxiety driven by the awareness of disastrous long-term climate damage simultaneous with delayism in global climate actions.Our own research within communities exposed to climate change accelerated wildfires has evidenced nearly 2-3X greater prevalence of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), anxiety and depression [11]. Following up with recent mechanistic research, we show that the mental health effects of climate change are not just restricted to subjective clinical symptoms, but that chronic cognitive and brain functioning impacts are also observed [10], i.e., underlying the self-reported symptoms, there are objectively measurable biological impacts. In our study, wildfire-exposed individuals, relative to controls, performed much worse when resolving distractions within a cognitive task. Alongside, their frontal executive brain regions were hyperaroused-showing significantly greater brain activity, trying to perform the desired cognitive function with greater effort, but failing. It is especially concerning that we found this evidence in the long-term-chronic impacts on mental health and brain health were observed more than six months after the disaster. Thus, climate trauma is literally rewiring our brains and leaving long-term imprints. Of note, these impacts are sure to exacerbate the existing mental

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“…We have implemented a scalable platform for measuring core aspects of cognition that delivers standard cognitive assessments synchronized with neural recordings using electroencephalography (EEG) 26,27 . We have validated the reliability of this BrainE© platform and shown its utility in measuring cognitive changes across the lifespan [28][29][30][31][32] . We also demonstrated its relevance to predict mental health [33][34][35][36] .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Mindfulness Coaching with Digital Lifestyle Monitoring Enhances Selective Attention in Medical Scientists

Jaiswal,

Nan,

Purpura

et al. 2024

Preprint

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Medical scientists have dual commitments to clinical care and research efforts. Such commitments can create hectic and stressful work schedules, which may impact on well-being and cognition. In this study, we tested the hypothesis that mindfulness coaching plus wearable-based lifestyle monitoring can benefit such individuals. We conducted a waitlist-controlled intervention study (n=43) with M.D./Ph.D. preclinical or graduate students and post M.D./Ph.D. trainees/faculty. Assessments of quantitative outcomes included subjective measures of burnout, mindfulness, self-compassion, and well-being, as well as objective cognitive assessments. The results showed no impacts on subjective measures. However, amongst objective cognitive measures, selective attention performance was significantly improved following the intervention (bias corrected effect size, Hedges’ g = 1.13, p=0.005). Extent of improvement in selective attention correlated with suppression of visual alpha oscillations – a neural marker for distractibility - measured using electroencephalography (EEG) (r=-0.32, p<0.05). Qualitative feedback showed that after receiving the intervention, participants in both groups equally rated the overall experience as “very good” (3.70 ±0.98 out 5). They also appreciated that the intervention emphasized healthy lifestyle behaviors, and contributed to mindfulness, compassion, and a sense of community. A majority (57%) of the participants reported that they expect to change their well-being related behaviors because of the intervention. Overall, this study suggests the utility of mindfulness coaching to improve selective attention skills in medical scientists and that more needs to be done to enhance subjective well-being in such individuals.

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Distinct neural activations correlate with maximization of reward magnitude versus frequency

Cited by 12 publications

References 117 publications

Design and Implementation of a Brief Digital Mindfulness and Compassion Training App for Health Care Professionals: Cluster Randomized Controlled Trial

Design and Implementation of a Brief Digital Mindfulness and Compassion Training App for Health Care Professionals: Cluster Randomized Controlled Trial

Harnessing the mental imprints of climate change for collective climate action

Mindfulness Coaching with Digital Lifestyle Monitoring Enhances Selective Attention in Medical Scientists

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