Distinct multivariate structural brain profiles are related to variations in short- and long-delay memory consolidation across children and young adults

Schommartz, Iryna; Lembcke, Philip F.; Pupillo, Francesco; Schuetz, Henriette; Chamorro, Nina Wald de; Bauer, M.; Kaindl, Angela M.; Buß, Claudia; Shing, Yee Lee

doi:10.1016/j.dcn.2022.101192

Cited by 6 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 127 publications

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“…This divergence in findings regarding the robustness of consolidation may be attributed to the differences in involved memory recollection processes. Recall employed in the current study and recognition employed in Schommartz et al (2023) may impose distinct demands on memory retrieval and storage processes, which may increase with passing time (Craik & McDowd, 1987; Eagle & Leiter, 1964; Freund et al, 1969). For example, during the three-alternative forced-choice task, adults may benefit more from the reactivation of perceptual details (Davis et al, 2010) and from guessing (Freund et al, 1969) compared to children.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Thus, the final sample size consisted of 32 YC ( M age : 7.14 years, age range: 6.0–8.47 years), 33 OC ( M age : 9.91 years, age range: 9.0–10.96 years), and 38 YA ( M age : 23.43 years; age range: 19.0–30.00; see Table 1 for sample characteristics). We conducted a priori power analysis with WebPower (Zhang & Yuan, 2018) ( f = 0.4, α = .05, 1 − β = .95; effect size based on Schommartz et al, 2023). The analysis revealed a total sample size of 99 participants for between and 98 participants for within effects.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…We report the power analysis to determine our sample size, all data exclusions, all manipulations, and all measures in the study, and we follow Journal Article Reporting Standards (Kazak, 2018). The data, analysis code, and study material are available at (Schommartz, Kaindl, et al, 2023). The analyses of all behavioral measures were performed with R packages (R Core Team, 2022) in RStudio 1.4.1106 (RStudio).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…To determine the amount of variance explained by the model, we used partR2 package in R (Stoffel et al, 2021) with bootstrapping to calculate confidence intervals and report package to report the results (Makowski et al, 2023). The code of this analysis has been made publicly available at Open Science Framework and can be accessed at Schommartz, Kaindl, et al (2023). Finally, we also analyzed story quality ratings as an indication of encoding elaboration and post hoc congruency ratings as a manipulation check for congruency (full overview of the results in the ).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Moreover, childhood is accompanied by ongoing neural maturation, including the brain regions associated with associative binding and strategic control over memory processes (Ghetti & Bunge, 2012; Ofen, 2012; Shing et al, 2008). The structural integrity of these regions was also shown to impact memory consolidation in children (Schommartz et al, 2023).…”

Section: Memory Consolidation Across Developmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Short- and long-delay consolidation of memory accessibility and precision across childhood and young adulthood.

Schommartz,

Kaindl,

Buss

et al. 2024

Developmental Psychology

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Childhood is a period when memory consolidation and knowledge base undergo rapid changes. The present study examined short-delay (overnight) and long-delay (after a 2-week period) consolidation of new information either congruent or incongruent with prior knowledge in typically developing 6-to 8-year-old children (n = 32), 9-to 11-year-old children (n = 33), and 18-to 30-year-old young adults (YA; n = 39). Both memory accessibility (cued recall of objects) and precision (precision of object placement) of initially well-learned object-scene pairs were measured. Our results showed that overnight, memory accessibility declined similarly in all age groups; memory precision improved more in younger children (YC) compared to older children (OC) and even declined in YA. After a 2-week period, both memory accessibility and precision became worse. Specifically, while age groups showed similar decline in memory accessibility, precision decline was less in YC than in OC and YA. The accessibility and precision of congruent and incongruent information changed similarly with consolidation in all age groups. Taken together, our results showed that, for initially well-learned information, YC have robust memory consolidation, despite their overall lower mnemonic performance compared to OC and YA, which is potentially crucial for stable and precise knowledge accumulation early on in development. Public Significance StatementThis study suggests that children can access well-learned information and retain its precision over long delays, indicating robust memory consolidation. It is not guided by congruency bias, suggesting equal weighting of incoming information and flexible schema formation. Because rapid accumulation of knowledge in children is crucial for later academic success, understanding how memories are retained as time passes is important for promoting successful and effective learning across different developmental groups.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Memory Consolidation Across Developmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

Short- and long-delay consolidation of memory accessibility and precision across childhood and young adulthood.

Schommartz,

Kaindl,

Buss

et al. 2024

Developmental Psychology

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Memory Consolidation and Sleep in Children with Epilepsy, a Systematic Review

Hoyer,

Dietz,

Ambrosi-Schneider

et al. 2024

Pediatric Neurology

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Neural Correlates and Reinstatement of Recent and Remote Memory: A Comparison Between Children and Young Adults

Schommartz

Lembcke

Ortiz-Tudela

et al. 2023

Preprint

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Memory consolidation tends to be less robust in childhood than adulthood. However, little is known about the corresponding functional differences in the developing brain that may underlie age-related differences in retention of memories over time. This study examined system-level memory consolidation of object-scene associations after learning (immediate delay), one night of sleep (short delay), as well as two weeks (long delay) in 5-to-7-year-old children (n = 49) and in young adults (n = 39), as a reference group with mature consolidation systems. Particularly, we characterized how functional neural activation and reinstatement of neural patterns change over time, assessed by functional magnetic resonance imaging combined with representational (dis)similarity analysis (RSA). Our results showed that memory consolidation in children was less robust (i.e., more forgetting) compared to young adults. For correctly retained remote memories, young adults showed increased neural activation from short to long delay in neocortical (parietal, prefrontal and occipital) and cerebellar brain regions, while children showed increased neural activation in prefrontal and decrease in neural activity in parietal brain regions over time. In addition, there was an overall attenuated scene-specific memory reinstatement of neural patterns in children compared to young adults. At the same time, we observed category-based reinstatement in medial-temporal, neocortical (prefrontal and parietal), and cerebellar brain regions only in children. Taken together, 5-to-7-year-old children, compared to young adults, show less robust memory consolidation, possibly due to difficulties in engaging in differentiated neural reinstatement in neocortical mnemonic regions during retrieval of remote memories, coupled with relying more on gist-like, category-based neural reinstatement.

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Distinct multivariate structural brain profiles are related to variations in short- and long-delay memory consolidation across children and young adults

Cited by 6 publications

References 127 publications

Short- and long-delay consolidation of memory accessibility and precision across childhood and young adulthood.

Short- and long-delay consolidation of memory accessibility and precision across childhood and young adulthood.

Memory Consolidation and Sleep in Children with Epilepsy, a Systematic Review

Neural Correlates and Reinstatement of Recent and Remote Memory: A Comparison Between Children and Young Adults

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