Distinct modulation of the endocannabinoid system upon kainic acid-induced in vivo seizures and in vitro epileptiform bursting

Targeting brain and peripheral plasticity of the lipidome in acute kainic acid-induced epileptic seizures in mice via quantitative mass spectrometry

“…Statistical analyses of the difference between group means were carried out by using two-tailed unpaired Student's t-test and were considered significant at a p-value b0.05 (n = 9). endogenous neuroprotective and anticonvulsive functions of the eCB system in various epileptic seizure models [16,50]. The presence of CB1R in glutamatergic hippocampal neurons was found to be necessary and sufficient to supply endogenous protection against KA-induced seizures in mice, where neuroprotection occurs as an "on demand" reaction [18,51].…”

“…eCBs contribute to synaptic plasticity by regulation of neurotransmission and neural excitability, which is altered in various brain disorders [15]. Several investigations have revealed neuroprotective effects of the eCB system, as well as of eCB-related molecules, such as oleoyl ethanolamide (OEA) and palmitoyl ethanolamide (PEA) (which will be referred to as NAEs) against excitotoxicity [16][17][18][19][20]. Arachidonic acid (AA) constitutes the precursor for eiC synthesis, catalyzed by different enzymes, namely cyclooxygenases (COX-1 and COX-2), lipoxygenases (LOXs), and cytochrome P450 epoxygenases.…”

“…Although distinct alterations of PLs, eCBs, and eiCs in epileptic seizure conditions have been previously evidenced in distinct epileptic seizure models [12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22], these studies were typically confined to specific brain areas, such as hippocampus, cortex or whole brain homogenates.…”

Upholding WAG/Rij rats as a model of absence epileptogenesis: Hidden mechanisms and a new theory on seizure development

“…Endogenous cannabinoids (eCBVs) are generated and released on demand following sustained postsynaptic neuron excitation (Alger and Kim, 2011) and they may be involved in the modulation of seizures in absence as well as other models of epilepsy (Fezza et al, 2014).…”

The effects of adolescent cannabinoid exposure on seizure susceptibility and lethality in adult male rats

“…Moreover, the ECS shows an impressive degree of plasticity in response to intense seizure. For example, hippocampal anandamide levels increase in response to the excitotoxin, kainic acid, and activate neuroprotective mechanisms (Fezza et al, 2014;Marsicano et al, 2003). Hippocampal CB1 receptors undergo redistribution in rats and mice following pilocarpine-induced status epilepticus (Falenski et al, 2009;Wallace et al, 2003); these alterations may be an adaptive, compensatory response designed to dampen neuronal excitability.…”